The present study was carried out to develop an experimental endodontic irrigant solution based on plant extracts obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. that largely replenish the properties of the usual antiseptics used in dentistry. Background: This study investigated the phytochemical contents of plant extracts obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. and their potential antibacterial activity. Methods: Identification and quantification of biologically active compounds were made by UV field photo spectrometry, adapting the Folin-Ciocalteu test method. Antibacterial activity was tested on pathological bacterial cultures collected from tooth with endodontic infections using a modified Kirby-Bauer diffuse metric method. Results: Polyphenols and flavonoids were present in all plant extracts; the hydroalcoholic extract had the highest amount of polyphenols—17.44 pyrogallol equivalent (Eq Pir)/mL and flavonoids—3.13 quercetin equivalent (Eq Qr)/mL. Plant extracts had antibacterial activity among the tested bacterial species with the following inhibition diameter: White Staphylococcus (16.5 mm), Streptococcus mitis (25 mm), Streptococcus sanguis (27 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (10 mm). Conclusions: All plant extracts contain polyphenols and flavonoids; the antibacterial activity was in direct ratio with the amount of the bioactive compounds.

Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking is a recognized risk factor for periodontal disease and subgingival dysbiosis; however, the impact of electronic cigarettes on the subgingival microbiome in young adults is still not sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to characterize and compare the carriage and bacterial load of 20 subgingival species among young adult cigarette smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers, and to evaluate whether e-cigarette use is linked to a periodontopathogen-enriched profile similar to that of smoking. Materials and Methods: In this exploratory cross-sectional study, fifty young adults were divided into three groups: cigarette smokers (n = 18), e-cigarette users (n = 16), and non-smokers (n = 16). Subgingival specimens were examined using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (Perio panel; ADD Laboral B.V., Malden, The Netherlands) for 20 bacterial species. Carriage was analyzed across groups utilizing Fisher’s exact test with Cramér’s V as the effect size, while bacterial load was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test accompanied by Dwass–Steel–Critchlow–Fligner post hoc comparisons (jamovi; significance threshold established at p < 0.05). Results: Red-complex pathogens were more prevalent and present in greater quantities in smokers and e-cigarette groups compared to non-smokers. Porphyromonas gingivalis prevalence was seen in smokers (94.4%), vapers (75.0%), and non-smokers (56.2%; p = 0.028), whereas Tannerella forsythia was found in 100% of smokers, 87.5% of vape users, and 68.8% of the non-smokers (p = 0.022). Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was not present in non-smokers but was identified in 37.5% of vapers and 16.7% of smokers (p = 0.018), whereas Eubacterium nodatum was significantly elevated in tobacco users (p = 0.012; Cramér’s V = 0.449). In contrast, Prevotella nigrescens was predominant among non-smokers (87.5%; p = 0.022). Conclusions: In young adults, the red-complex bacteria—Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola—were found more frequently and in larger quantities among smokers and vapers as compared to non-smokers.