Coffea arabica is considered to be sensitive to low temperatures, being affected throughout its entire life cycle. Injury caused by chilling (low temperatures above zero degree centigrade) is characterized primarily by inhibition of the photosynthetic process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of photosynthetic pigments in the tolerance of coffee (C. arabica L.) seedlings to chilling. The evaluation the photosynthetic activity was made by emission of Chl a fluorescence at room temperature (25 ºC) in vivo and in situ, using a portable fluorometer. The pigment content was obtained by extraction with 80 % acetone, while estimation of membrane lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring the MDA content in leaf tissue extracts. The results indicated a generalized reduction in the quantum yield of PSII when the seedlings were maintained in the dark. The reduction occurred in the seedlings submitted to chilling treatment as well as in the control ones. This demonstrates that not only chilling acts to cause an alteration in PSII. It is possible that the tissue storage reserves had been totally exhausted, with the respiratory rate exceeding the photosynthetic rate; the later was nil, since the seedlings were kept in the dark. The efficiency in the capture, transfer and utilization of light energy in PS II photochemical reactions requires a sequence of photochemical, biochemical and biophysical events which depend on the structural integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus. However, this efficiency was found to be related to the protective action of chloroplastid pigments, rather than to the concentration of these pigments.

The molecule vitamin C, in the chemical form of ascorbic acid (AsA), is known to be essential for the metabolism of humans and animals. Humans do not produce AsA, so they depend on plants as a source of vitamin C for their food. The AsA synthesis pathway occurs partially in the cytosol, but the last oxidation step is physically linked to the respiratory chain of plant mitochondria. This oxidation step is catalyzed byl-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (l-GalLDH). This enzyme is not considered a limiting step for AsA production; however, it presents a distinguishing characteristic: thel-GalLDH can introduce electrons directly into the respiratory chain through cytochrome c (Cytc) and therefore can be considered an extramitochondrial electron source that bypasses the phosphorylating Complex III. The use of Cytc as electron acceptor has been debated in terms of its need for AsA synthesis, but little has been said in relation to its impact on the functioning of the respiratory chain. This work seeks to offer a new view about the possible changes that result of the link between AsA synthesis and the mitochondrial respiration. We hypothesized that some physiological alterations related to low AsA may be not only explained by the deficiency of this molecule but also by the changes in the respiratory function. We discussed some findings showing that respiratory mutants contained changes in AsA synthesis. Besides, recent works that also indicate that the excessive electron transportvial-GalLDH enzyme may affect other respiratory pathways. We proposed that Cytc reduction byl-GalLDH may be part of an alternative respiratory pathway that is active during AsA synthesis. Also, it is proposed that possible links of this pathway with other pathways of alternative electron transport in plant mitochondria may exist. The review suggests potential implications of this relationship, particularly for situations of stress. We hypothesized that this pathway of alternative electron input would serve as a strategy for adaptation of plant respiration to changing conditions.

A emissão de etileno, a respiração e as transformações físicas e químicas em mamões da cv Golden e dos híbridos Tainung 01 e UENF/CALIMAN01 (UC01), colhidos no estádio 0 de maturação (fruto maturo com casca 100% verde) e mantidos a 25ºCº e 80% % UR foram avaliados durante a fase de amadurecimento. Os resultados mostram diferenças significativas entre os genótipos, em todas as características avaliadas. O mamão 'Golden'apresentou taxasrespiratória e de emissão de etileno bastante superiores às registradas para o Tainung 01 e UC01, indicando climatério característico. O mamão UC01 foi o que manteve a coloração verde de casca por mais tempo e apresentou a menor firmeza do fruto no estádio 0. Os resultados também mostram a relação entre os picos respiratório e de etileno, com a perda de firmeza. Houve aumento no teor de sólidos solúveis (SS) no mamão UC01, não observado nos demais. A acidez titulável (AT) e a razão SS/ AT variaram durante o amadurecimento apenas na cv Golden. Os resultados indicam que os três genótipos mais comercializados no Brasil diferem fisiológica e bioquimicamente durante o amadurecimento, com os hibridos Tainung 01 e UC01 mostrando-se mais sensíveis à ação do etileno do que a cv. Golden, o que é importante ao manejo pós-colheita destes frutos.