This paper aims to find the influence of the corporate governance and financial ratios on the probability of financially distressed family firms in Indonesia that are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2008 – 2013. There is a performance difference between family firms and non-family firms in Indonesia, but there is no risk difference between both of them. The logistic regression showed that the adoption of corporate governance can boost company's financial performance and allow them to avoid financial distress. This study also showed that conservative capital structure is not adopted by the Indonesian family firm

Abstrak: Analisis Financial Distress Menggunakan Analisis Survival. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio likuiditas, leverage, salesgrowth, ukuran perusahaan, kepemilikan manajerial, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap financial distress. Populasi penelitian di sektor industri dasar dan kimia dan sektor indutri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2009-2018. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling dan diperoleh 63 perusahaan atau sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan ialah teknik analisis survival. Hasil penelitian: likuiditas, leverage, salesgrowth, ukuran perusahaan, kepemilikan manajerial, dan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap financial distress. Likuiditas, leverage, dan kepemilikan manajerial tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress. Salesgrowth dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap financial distress, dan kepemilikan institusional berpegaruh positif signifikan terhadap financial distress.Kata kunci. Likuiditas; Leverage; Salesgrowth; Ukuran Perusahaan; Kepemilikan Manajerial; Kepemilikan Institusional; Financial Distress

Lecturer responsibilities in presenting learning materials and building students’ character is considered very important in preparing future workers/entrepreneur. However, those responsibilities still have not received proper attention in certain institutions and even from the government. If this goes on continuously, it is feared that they will lose wellperformed individuals. This study aimed to investigate the level of turnover intention from the lecturer in six private universities in Bandung. And the role of financial rewards, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment as antecedents. Data collected using an online questionnaire. The numbers of total lecturers in those universities were around 3000. This study used a non-probability sample and distributed 500 questionnaires through the human resources office. And after two months, there are 288 participants which willing to complete the questionnaire. After the more detailed screening, we have 121 responses that met our requirements and can be used in this study. The study found that financial rewards were significantly affected job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. But it was not significantly affected turnover intention. Partially, job satisfaction and affective commitment have not mediated the relationship between financial rewards and turnover intention. But, simultaneously, both variables have significantly mediated the relationship. These results give new understanding to the managers in the educational organization regarding maintaining the turnover level of their lecturers. In the future, studies can be conducted to cover lecturers from other cities in Indonesia.

Financial distress is a condition in which a company is potential unable to fulfill its obligations. The survivability of a company is determined by many factors. This study investigated several of those factors i.e., corporate governance and financial ratios from the companies listed in capital market. The study utilizes purposive random sampling coverage the year 2002–2014. Estimation method using Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that board size, board independence, leverage, size, liquidity and return on asset had a impact on the survival likelihood of the financial distress. This findings was, therefore, in line with the Agency Theory.

The present study investigates machine-learning approaches to predicting financial distress among Indonesian firms using annual data for 325 companies (2013–2023 3575 observations). The feature set comprises financial and operational predictors, in addition to a binary outcome indicator of distress. In order to mitigate severe class imbalance driven by the rarity of distress events, the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) is applied within training folds, while the validation and test sets are left untouched in order to avoid leakage. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) facilitates exploratory visualisation. The performance of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gradient Boosting, and a deep neural network (ANN/MLP) is benchmarked under a stratified evaluation protocol. Among conventional models, the Decision Tree demonstrates the strongest F1 performance (0.8980), followed closely by Gradient Boosting (0.8627) and Random Forest (0.8462). In the case of the deep model, the best configuration (50 neurons, Sigmoid activation, 100 epochs, batch size 8) achieved 99.20% accuracy and an F1-score of 0.95, indicating robust minority-class detection alongside high overall correctness. The findings underscore the effectiveness of ensemble learners and optimally tuned deep neural networks in predicting financial distress in the context of emerging markets. The study’s practical relevance aligns with the Development Goal (SDG) 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth, the earlier and more reliable detection of financial distress can help firms take preventive actions that reduce job losses and operational disruptions, Allowing businesses to predict and act upon their financial challenges, this study nurtures resilience and sustainable development within the corporate sector, the main driver of economic activities. Besides, addressing financial distress in an emerging market like Emerging Markets contributes to inclusive economic development through stability that helps workers, shareholders, and communities dependent on such businesses.