Skin is the largest organ in the human body and requires proper dressing to facilitate healing after an injury. Wounds on movable parts, such as the elbow, knee, wrist, and neck, usually undergo delayed and inefficient healing due to frequent movements. To better accommodate movable wounds, a variety of functional hydrogels have been successfully developed and used as flexible wound dressings. On the one hand, the mechanical properties, such as adhesion, stretchability, and self-healing, make these hydrogels suitable for mobile wounds and promote the healing process; on the other hand, the bioactivities, such as antibacterial and antioxidant performance, could further accelerate the wound healing process. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in hydrogel-based movable wound dressings and propose the challenges and perspectives of such dressings.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are promising therapeutic modalities with high specificity, however, a single therapeutic modality cannot maximize therapeutic efficacy. In the present study, glucose oxidase (GOx) was decorated on N-doped carbon (NC) nanoparticles (NPs) as a biomimetic nanoenzyme (NC@GOx NPs), which could promote starvation therapy enhanced PTT and CDT against tumors. GOx could decompose to cut off the supply of energy and nutrients, inducing starvation therapy, which further lowered adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, inducing downregulated heat shock proteins and creating a more suitable microenvironment for improving PTT efficacy. Meanwhile, the generated endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) could be converted into hydroxyl radicals to attack cancer cells. In fact, in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NC@GOx NPs could effectively kill cancer cells and eliminate tumors. This design provides a strategy for synergistic cancer therapy by using biomimetic nanoenzymes.

Wound healing in movable parts poses challenges owing to frequent activities, leading to delayed recovery and heightened susceptibility to bacterial infections and inflammation. Although hydrogel‐based dressings have been explored, their therapeutic effectiveness is limited by poor resistance to stimuli and low mechanical strength. Here, we present a novel multifunctional PHC bandage that prevents bacterial infection and capitalizes on the inherent mobility of the affected area to expedite the wound‐healing process. A PHC bandage was fabricated by incorporating photothermal copper bismuth sulfide (Cu₃BiS₃) nanomaterials into piezoelectric and pyroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Upon exposure to alternating near‐infrared light, the embedded Cu₃BiS₃ generated localized heat, activated PVDF, and induced the production of abundant reactive oxygen species for bacterial inactivation. Furthermore, continuous movement of the wound area triggers the PVDF to generate a sustained electrical field, promoting cell migration and proliferation to facilitate wound healing. The wound healing rate of PHC was 13.17 ± 2.09% higher than medical gauze. The robust encapsulation of PVDF ensured secure containment of the loaded Cu₃BiS₃ nanoparticles, improving the biocompatibility and sustainable utilization of this innovative wound dressing. This innovative design offers a promising and effective solution for improving wound healing in movable parts, potentially revolutionizing wound care technology.