The meat processing industry produces a huge quantity of by-products, approximately 150 million tonnes per year. The live weight of the animals is distinguished as edible, inedible, and discardable by-products, with the discardable parts equating to 66%, 52%, and 80% of the overall live weight of cattle, lamb, and pigs, respectively. Only a small percentage of those by-products are nowadays exploited for the production of high added value products such as animal feed, glue, fertilizers, etc., whereas the main management method is direct disposal to landfills. As such, the current disposal methodologies of these by-products are problematic, contributing to environmental contamination, soil degradation, air pollution, and possible health problems. Nevertheless, these by-products are rich in collagen, keratin, and minerals, being thus promising sources of high-value materials such as bioenergy, biochemical and other biomaterials that could be exploited in various industrial applications. In this paper, the possible utilization of slaughterhouse by-products for the production of various high added value materials is discussed. In this context, the various processes presented provide solutions to more sustainable management of the slaughterhouse industry, contributing to the reduction of environmental degradation via soil and water pollution, the avoidance of space depletion due to landfills, and the development of a green economy.

The textile sector is one of the major economic pillars in Ethiopia. The sector is generating foreign currency by exporting textile and finished garments. However, the competitiveness of this sector is not as per the expectation due to the long delivery time and excessive manufacturing cost. This study aims to assess the main approval processes in handling garment samples between manufacturers and buyers. The study also examines the effect of physical sample approval process on export performance and competitiveness of the industry. The study employed an explanatory and exploratory multiple-case study research approach in four apparel exporting companies. Both primary and secondary data were collected using questionnaires, semistructured interviews, and observation. Result from this study showed that the export performance and competitiveness of apparel industries are mainly affected by the traditional sample approval system due to long delivery time, unnecessary approval process cost, and poor inventory management of the sampling department. The result also indicates that long lead time and costly process system made the sector incompetent in international market. Therefore, it can be concluded that the apparel manufacturing and exporting industries in Ethiopia should modify their approach to nurture better speed and comparably lower process costs. Ethiopia's apparel sector needs also to invest in creating a reliable quality manufacturing system to grow and meet government targets for expanding export sales.

This review systematically maps the literature on the transformation of the Ethiopian garment industry over 30 years (from 1995 to 2025). The main objective is to plot and evaluate how academic research has described the transition of the sector, previously a craft‐based heritage cottage industry where, for instance, traditional attire such as the Habesha kemis was known, to a modern‐manufacturing policy logic. Using a bibliometric approach informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, the review examines publications retrieved from the Scopus index in order to uncover patterns of research, leading author engagement, and theme direction. The results suggest a remarkable rise in academic papers after 2019, but they focus on industrial policy, foreign direct investment (FDI), and labor issues. The review provides analyses of the key issues that influence the sector and success in industrialization, focusing on government intervention to attract FDI with an offer package and eco‐industrial parks, which have led to job creation and exports. However, they are also mitigated by several challenges, including insufficient backward integration of the local supply chain and heavy dependence on import refits under preferential treatment agreements, African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) suspension had an extreme impact, as well as significant socioeconomic problems such as very low wages and high staff turnover. The report finds that while substantial progress has been made, the sector’s full potential is yet to be achieved due to lingering salient structural weaknesses, a situation that necessitates policies that foster deeper local integration, improved labor standards, and greater resilience to external shocks.