The constant development of internet technology in the digital age has changed the way people interact with space. To explore whether and what changes have occurred in the public’s spatial perception of the street during the shift from the traditional to the digital age, this paper compares the public’s spatial perception characteristics in the two contexts through a classical theory review and empirical coding analysis with the Xiaolouxiang historic district as an empirical case. The frameworks of public spatial perception characteristics are similar in both contexts, with a focus on the three dimensions of objects, buildings and spaces, and activities. However, compared with that in the traditional context, the public’s spatial perception of the street in the digital context of Xiaolouxiang has undergone new changes in three aspects: from focusing on the three-dimensional experience of space to focusing on the two-dimensional visual aesthetics of space, from emphasizing spatial totality to focusing on spatial details, and from focusing on the use of space to emphasizing the cultural characteristics of space. Research emphasizes that, within the context of digitalization, spatial design should place greater emphasis on visual aesthetics, detail processing, and cultural expression to better meet the needs and expectations of the public. This work identifies new features of the public’s perception of urban street space in the context of digitalization and accordingly provides suggestions for the future design of urban street space. The findings of this study not only enrich the foundational research content of spatial perception theory but also offer new perspectives for designers and planners in the practice of urban block renovation.

1. Among all senses, visual perception plays an essential role in the perception of urban space, and color is the most attractive part of it (Dabbagh 2019). For urban buildings, building colors, as...

The evolution of architectural forms is a significant field of study in modern hybrids of Chinese and foreign architecture. It involves exploring the integration of foreign buildings and their constituent elements into traditional Chinese local culture. The Composite capital is a key component in Western architecture. Research indicates that from the 1920s to 1930s, Composite capital designs in foreign architectural structures within the Jiangsu region exhibited period-specific evolutionary characteristics and variations among different cities. Therefore, the localisation of Composite capitals in Jiangsu is a gradual process. This paper proposes a research methodology combining formal analysis and social analysis to investigate the localisation of Composite capitals in Jiangsu during the modern period. The study yields two main conclusions: (1) Within the same social environment, there are common patterns in the localisation of Composite capital designs among different historical periods, reflecting shared developmental trends influenced by local traditional culture. (2) Different cities in the Jiangsu region, characterised by distinct social environments, exhibit unique patterns in the localisation of Composite capital designs, reflecting regional diversity and providing more possibilities for localisation. This paper investigates the localisation of Composite capital designs in modern Jiangsu and explores the factors that influence the form and value of capital designs, providing a systematic reference for the study of regional architectural localisation in the modern period in China.

In recent years, designers have increasingly emphasized sustainability in landscape design, but they have focused more on the “human-nature” relationship while neglecting the relationship between people. As a result, problems such as inconvenient use of the landscape and waste of resources for management and renovation have been caused. To solve this problem, it is necessary to establish the correct concept at the beginning of design. Traditional Chinese ideas can often provide appropriate reference points for many contemporary issues, including design. Taking the landscapes of ancient academies in southern Jiangsu as an example, this paper tries to explore the methods and ideas of the designers to deal with the “people-people” relationship in the process of construction, as an example of sustainable landscape design. Both textual research and metrological historiography were used to examine and summarize the characteristics of the landscape construction of the academies in southern Jiangsu, combined with the analysis of the theory of “interpersonal view”. It is apparent that the landscape construction of the academies in southern Jiangsu is characterized by site selection with favorable geography and people, scale and function with the balance of supply and demand, building construction with thrift and efficiency, and a site-specific and simple courtyard built. The formation of these characteristics originates from the founder’s design concept of care about education and being kind to scholars, saving materials and taking good care of the people, benefiting others before to themselves, and portraying the Confucian idea of “great harmony in the world”. The thought and design concept of the landscape construction of the academies in southern Jiangsu can provide a reference point for landscape designers to solve the sustainable problem of the “people-people” relationship in landscape design.

To address the growing issues of cognitive overload and psychological stress among college students, this study explores the statistical associations between restorative environmental perceptions within campus healing landscapes, student well-being, and behavioral intentions. Drawing on Attention Restoration Theory and Place Attachment Theory, this research aims to bridge the gap between environmental perception and specific behavioral outcomes in the Chinese university context. Using convenience survey data from 308 university students across multiple regions in China, this study employed PLS-SEM to analyze how four dimensions of restorative perception, namely immersion, detachment, intensity, and compatibility, are statistically associated with psychological recovery, place attachment, campus belonging, learning engagement intentions, and social interaction intentions. Results indicate that immersion and detachment exhibit the strongest correlations with psychological recovery. Psychological recovery emerged as the most prominent factor statistically predicted learning engagement intentions, showing a stronger linkage than parallel pathways mediated by attachment and belonging. A distinct and significant statistical association was also observed between restorative perceptions and social interaction intentions. Overall, this study suggests that healing landscapes may be relevant to students' cognitive focus, emotional stability, and social functioning. The findings highlight the importance of considering regional and landscape heterogeneities, providing evidence-based guidance for optimizing campus landscape design to support student development in diverse Chinese institutional settings.

Historic commercial buildings are often described as resilient, but the mechanisms that sustain ordinary use remain fragmented across morphology, adaptive reuse, heritage governance, and community research. This Review examines how inherited spatial configurations and actor arrangements jointly shape everyday-use resilience. Using transparent, PRISMA-informed searching, screening, appraisal, and narrative/thematic synthesis, we identified 50 eligible empirical studies from 3314 records. Evidence came from 18 countries or regional settings but remained concentrated in Malaysia (9 studies), Indonesia (8), Türkiye (7), and mainland China (7); no eligible study came from the Americas, and direct African evidence was limited to one Egyptian case. In response to prescreen-sensitivity concerns, all 80 records excluded solely because the deterministic dictionary did not detect a spatial-focus term were independently reassessed; 30 were advanced beyond title/metadata review and 13 ultimately met all eligibility criteria. Four evidence-informed spatial capacities recurred: network permeability, fine-grained and reversible subdivision, climatic and service compatibility, and active public–private interfaces. These capacities did not determine resilience independently. Owners and traders translated capacity into maintenance and incremental adaptation; users sustained social legitimacy; and public, professional, financial, and digital intermediaries enabled or constrained adaptation through regulation, investment, programming, and visibility. Heritage retention was assessed in all 50 studies; use vitality was observed in 40 and assessed prospectively in 10; community benefit was observed or partly assessed in 37, prospectively in 10, and not assessed in 3. The geographically concentrated, English-language, public-API, and full-text corpus limits transferability, while the targeted validation demonstrates why deterministic terminology rules require human sensitivity checks. Everyday-use resilience is therefore presented as an evidence-informed, actor-mediated proposition concerning the conversion of inherited spatial capacity into heritage retention, use vitality, and community benefit.