The durability, robustness and long-term stability of optical fiber based sensors applied to practical engineering have always been challenging problems. Refer to the embedded case in asphalt pavements, the situation becomes serious and feasible sensors with enhanced function are in high demand. Therefore, improved design to configure the quasi-distributed and distributed optical fiber sensors and FBG based point sensors for monitoring the three-dimensional information of multi-layered asphalt pavements. The in-field data declares that the transversal, longitudinal and vertical deformations of the tested urban asphalt pavement are mainly affected by temperature. The M -shape strain profile induced by heavy vehicles can decrease to the regular state in about 30 minutes after unloading. The tested asphalt pavement presents good structural performance to bear the tensile strain and permanent deformation. The high survival ratio and the good robustness of the proposed sensors against the harsh construction and operation environment validate the feasibility and reliability for the long-term monitoring. Improved design proposals on the construction scheme of asphalt pavement are also addressed to control the strain of the established asphalt concrete course in relatively low level.