This paper discusses the performance of Koyna dam based on static pushover analysis (SPO) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). The SPO in this study considered two type of lateral load which is inertial load and hydrodynamic load. The structure was analyse until the damage appears on the structure body. The IDA curves were develop based on 7 ground motion, where the characteristic of the ground motions: i) the distance from the epicenter is less than 15km, (ii) the magnitude is equal to or greater than 5.5 and (iii) the PGA is equal to or greater than 0.15g. All the ground motions convert to respond spectrum and scaled according to the developed elastic respond spectrum in order to match the characteristic of the ground motion to the soil type. Elastic respond spectrum developed based on soil type B by using Eurocode 8. By using SPO and IDA method are able to determine the limit states of the dam. The limit state proposed in this study are yielding and ultimate state which is identified base on crack pattern perform on the structure model. The comparison of maximum crest displacement for both methods is analysed to define the limit state of the dam. The displacement of yielding state for Koyna dam is 23.84mm and 44.91mm for the ultimate state. The results are able to be used as a guideline to monitor Koyna dam under seismic loadings which are considering static and dynamic.

One of the crucial elements impacting the dam’s seismic behaviour is the height of the reservoir’s water. As such, this study employs Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) to examine the performance of the Semenyih earth embankment dam and concrete gravity dam during near-field earthquakes with variations in the water level behind the embankment dam. Water levels varying from 0 to 1/3, 1/2, 2/3 and the entire height of the embankment dam are considered an essential measure of how well the structures perform. These assessments were conducted under seven near-field earthquake datasets utilising the ABAQUS finite element framework. Seven ground movements were transformed into response spectra and adjusted by the soil type’s characteristics to create an elastic response spectrum. According to Eurocode 8, the soil type A-based elastic response spectrum was created. The limit states of the embankment dam that are yielding and the final condition are discovered by applying the IDA approach based on static analysis. The earth embankment dam results of average Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) is 0.02 g for the yielding state and 0.57 g and 0.52 g, respectively, for the ultimate state. Meanwhile, the concrete gravity dam reveals 0.46 g and 0.59 at the yielding point, and the ultimate state is 0.59 g and 0.69 g. According to the findings, both types of dam operation at zero water level pose a greater danger than a full water reservoir, and the displacement for both dams was larger as the PGA rose. Lastly, the comparison between these two suggests that concrete gravity dams are more reliable to withstand the effect of seismic load.