A profile of endogenous hormones and sugars in leaves and pseudobulbs of Laelia anceps subsp. anceps (Orchidaceae) plants induced and non-induced to flowering by the effect of different doses of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA₃), considering the current and back growth structures (CGS and BGS), were investigated. A factorial experiment with five doses of GA₃ and two growth structures was designed. Adult plants with undifferentiated vegetative buds were selected and sprayed with doses of 0, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg GA₃ L⁻¹. The main results showed a strong interaction between GA₃ dose and growth structures, which promoted the highest kinetin (KIN) concentration in CGS. Exogenous GA₃ increased endogenous GA₃ in leaves and pseudobulbs induced (I-Leaf and I-PSB) and non-induced (NI-Leaf and NI-PSB) to flowering. For sugar concentration, the 400 mg L⁻¹ GA₃ dose promotes significant interaction with the CGS in NI-PSB. In general, the hormone profile revealed opposite balances of endogenous hormone concentrations for KIN, zeatin (ZEA), trans-zeatin (T-ZEA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and GA₃, not only for growth structures but also for vegetative organs analyzed, depending on whether the plants were induced or not induced to flowering, with the highest concentration of endogenous hormones in pseudobulbs. Likewise, different sugar concentration balances were observed. These balances of both endogenous hormones and sugars are likely to be involved in the flowering of L. anceps.

Nanobiotechnology applications in plant tissue culture have improved the development and physiology of explants, resulting in plants with high genetic homogeneity and phytosanitary quality. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well-known for their microbicidal properties, but their biochemical effects on plants require further exploration. In this work, green-synthesized AgNPs were evaluated in strawberry in vitro culture, photosynthetic pigment production, and acclimatization. AgNPs produced by Lysinibacillus fusiformis were characterized. Strawberry explants were grown in vitro on MS medium with 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg L−1 AgNPs at 24 ± 2 °C and a photoperiod of 16:8 h light/dark. Shoot height and number, number of leaves, number of roots, and root length were evaluated, and chlorophyll (a, b, and total) was quantified. Rooted shoots were acclimatized ex vitro on substrates containing 0 and 200 mg L−1 AgNPs. The results showed that low AgNPs concentrations had a positive impact on shoot multiplication, development, and rooting, but at higher concentrations, the effects decayed. However, chlorophyll production improved with increasing AgNP concentration. Shoots treated with AgNPs showed higher ex vitro survival. Our study has direct implications for the profitability and sustainability of commercial strawberry production.