A child’s illness and hospitalization are particularly difficult and most often an unpredictable situation in a family’s life cycle. The level of stress of a parent of a hospitalized child depends on many factors, such as the psychological characteristics of the child and the parent, the child’s health condition, and support from the family and medical staff. Our research aimed to search for interactions between the stress experienced by the parent and the temperamental variables of both the child and the parent, and the support received from the family and hospital staff. Using three pencil-paper questionnaires—PSS, EAS-D, EAS-C—and interview questionnaire, we tested 203 parent–child dyads at the time of children hospitalization. It was revealed that the most notable moderator of the relationship between temperamental traits and the characteristics of the hospital-related situation is the child’s age. When analyzing the situation of a family with a hospitalized child, particular attention should be paid to parental emotional distress, which, regardless of the child’s age, predicts a high level of parental stress.

Family Assessment Resilience Scale (FRAS) by Sixbey (2005) is based on the model proposed by Walsh (1996), allows to evaluate the processes of family resilience. The main goal of this study was to adapt the English version of FRAS to the Polish population (FRAS-PL) as there is no questionnaire in Poland to assess family resilience. After the process of translation into Polish and then back to English to check the correctness, the final version was accepted and participants (N = 502, 65% female, M = 24.60, SD = 6.86) filled out the questionnaire. To obtain the best-fitting model of the tool, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the six-factor model fits the obtained data (χ²/df = 2.95, RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.91, WRMR = 1.87). The alpha coefficients are satisfactory for all subscales (from α = 0.63 to α = 0.95). The adaptation of FRAS-PL was compared to final versions accepted in different countries and explained in the cultural context. The Polish version of the scale, named FRAS-PL, can be used for both researchers and clinicians to assess family resilience.

Family resilience is a construct based on interactive processes occurring in the family, enabling the family to effectively overcome everyday stressors, as well as developmental and unpredictable crises. By observing how the family deals with difficulties using family resilience processes, we are able to support both parents and protect children against the harmful effects of unfavourable conditions. The aim of our research was to carry out the procedure of adaptation to the Polish language and culture of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire. In this study, 930 Poles participated (72.5% women), aged from 18 to 63 (M = 26.94, SD = 9.8). They filled in the questionnaire online. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the model with three factors: belief system, organisational processes, and communication processes. The model indicators were found to be well suited to the data: χ²/df = 1.12, RMSEA = 0.01, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.04. The reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the scales was also satisfactory (0.94 for the belief systems, 0.86 for the organisational processes, and 0.94 for the communication processes). Tool validation with FRAS-PL scales showed convergence. We named the Polish version of the WFRQ Questionnaire Kwestionariusz Prężności Rodzinnej Walsh (WFRQ-PL) and found it to be a good tool for assessing the processes of family resilience in our country.

Background The article describes construct of family resilience with the main focus on the model Walsh. The aim of this article is to present preliminary results: adaptation, reliability, statistical analyses of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) for the Polish population. Participants and procedure Participants (n = 329), aged 18-35, completed experimental Polish version of the FRAS (SPR – Skala Prężności Rodzinnej). In the procedure of adaptation, scale was translated and modified into Polish. Scale consists of the following subscales: Family Communication and Problem Solving, Utilizing Social and Economic Resources, Maintaining a Positive Outlook, Family Connectedness, Family Spirituality and Ability to Make Meaning of Adversity. Results The reliability of the experimental Polish version of the FRAS for the entire scale and five subscales are satisfactory. Only subscale Ability to Make Meaning of Adversity obtained reliability of less than 0.7. Taking into account the diversity of gender and declaring the passage through the difficult events were observed significant differences in the three scales: Family Communication and Problem Solving, Family Connectedness, Ability to Make Meaning of Adversity and total scale of FRAS. Conclusions The work on the questionnaire is still in progress and the results presented here should be considered as preliminary. In the next steps, the number of men should be increased in order to perform confirmatory factor analysis. Future studies should take into account a number of factors and contexts (e.g. family structure, social and cultural context and the type of stressful event).

Communication is one of the three overarching processes of family resilience, along with the belief system and organizational processes of family life. Honest, unambiguous communication with a child is one of the important bases of a child’s development and feeling of security and healthy functioning in relations. The aim of our research was to construct a questionnaire aimed to measure consistency in communication on two dimensions: verbal and non-verbal communication, statements, and actions of parents. In this study, 404 persons participated: 319 (79.0%) women and 85 (21.0%) men, aged 18 to 61 (M = 24.83, SD = 7.87). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor model with 52 items that were well-fitted to the data for both versions. The model indicators were found to be well suited to the data (for communication with the mother were: χ2 /df = 1.58, RMSEA = 0.03, CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.99, SRMR = 0.06, and for the communication with father version: χ2 /df = 2.34, RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.07). The Błażek Ambivalent Parental Communication Questionnaire (BAPCQ) could be used in a clinical context as well as in scientific studies and is designed to test adults who evaluate their communication with their parents.

Objective: This study aimed to identify key predictors of family resilience among engaged couples within a systemic family framework. Background: Family resilience arises from a dynamic interplay of individual, relational, and contextual factors, shaping how families adapt to stress and adversity. Existing research highlights the relevance of goal orientation, coping strategies, and intergenerational influences, yet their joint impact remains underexplored in premarital relationships. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for supporting couples in the transition to long‐term partnership and family life. Method: The study involved a convenience sample of Polish engaged couples aged 21 to 35, with engagement durations of up to three years. Participants completed four validated instruments: the Family Resilience Assessment Scale–PL, the Multidimensional Plans Questionnaire, the Brief COPE Inventory, and the Family Rating Scales. Correlational and regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of family resilience. Results: Goal orientation, exposure to diverse life experiences, and the use of religious coping strategies were found to significantly enhance family resilience. Additionally, open communication and satisfaction with one's family of origin emerged as crucial protective relational factors. These elements jointly explained a substantial proportion of the variance in resilience scores. Conclusion: Resilience in engaged couples is strengthened by a combination of personal goals, adaptive coping, and positive family‐of‐origin dynamics. These factors interact to build a relational foundation capable of withstanding challenges. Implications: The findings offer valuable guidance for developing premarital programs and family interventions that foster communication, goal‐setting, and intergenerational understanding.