With the development of technologies based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), bare AuNPs cannot meet the increasing requirements of biomedical applications. Modifications with different functional ligands are usually needed. DNA is not only the main genetic material, but also a good biological material, which has excellent biocompatibility, facile design, and accurate identification. DNA is a perfect ligand candidate for AuNPs, which can make up for the shortcoming of bare AuNPs. DNA-modified AuNPs (DNA-AuNPs) have exciting features and bright prospects in many fields, which have been intensively investigated in the past decade. In this review, we summarize the various approaches for the immobilization of DNA strands on the surface of AuNPs. Representative studies for biomedical applications based on DNA-AuNPs are also discussed. Finally, we present the challenges and future directions.

Intestinal organoids are indispensable tools for exploring intestinal disorders. Deep learning methodologies are often employed in morphological analysis to evaluate the condition of these organoids. Nonetheless, prevailing analytical techniques face obstacles such as many organisational overlaps and tiny targets lead to a high incidence of errors and limited applicability. This paper presents Deliod, a streamlined intestinal organoid detection model founded on YOLOv8 and designed to automate the identification of organoid morphology. Deliod performed excellently compared to leading detection models when applied to an intestinal organoid dataset, attaining an mAP50 of 87.5%. Ablation experiments verified the module’s efficacy in improving detection performance. Furthermore, Deliod features a modest parameter count of 5.41 M and a computational load of 16.6 GFLOPs, facilitating the broader application of the detection model in the realm of intestinal organoid image recognition. This streamlined model not only enables efficient and accurate recognition of organoid morphology but also minimizes hardware deployment requirements, broadening its range of potential applications.