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Dr. Athanasios Theofilatos
School of Architecture, Building and Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK

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0 Machine Learning
0 Road Safety
0 Statistics
0 travel behaviour
0 vulnerable road users

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Research article
Published: 01 June 2021 in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion
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Driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs and fatigue are all important factors of crash causation. Exploring the link between driver attitudes and crash involvement provides understanding on these important issues. To that end, questionnaire answers of car drivers disclosing their attitudes on the impacts of driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs and fatigue, and their relationship with past crash involvement as car drivers were analysed. A two-step approach is adopted: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to consolidate relative questions in numeric factor quantities. Afterwards, binary logistic regression was implemented on the calculated component scores to determine the impact of perspectives of road users for each factor on past crash involvement of car drivers. Data from the international ESRA2015 survey were utilized. PCA indicated that it is possible to meaningfully merge 29 ESRA2015 questions relevant to driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs and fatigue into 8 informative components accounting for an adequate percentage of variance. Binary logistic analysis indicated that components involving overall personal and communal acceptance of impaired driving, overall and past year personal behaviour towards impaired driving and frequency of typical journey checks by traffic police were all quantities positively correlated with past crash involvement.

ACS Style

Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Athanasios Theofilatos; Alexandra Laiou; Eva Michelaraki; George Yannis; Tova Rosenbloom. Examining the relationship between impaired driving and past crash involvement in Europe: Insights from the ESRA study. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 2021, 28, 376 -386.

AMA Style

Apostolos Ziakopoulos, Athanasios Theofilatos, Alexandra Laiou, Eva Michelaraki, George Yannis, Tova Rosenbloom. Examining the relationship between impaired driving and past crash involvement in Europe: Insights from the ESRA study. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2021; 28 (3):376-386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Athanasios Theofilatos; Alexandra Laiou; Eva Michelaraki; George Yannis; Tova Rosenbloom. 2021. "Examining the relationship between impaired driving and past crash involvement in Europe: Insights from the ESRA study." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 28, no. 3: 376-386.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Traffic conflicts are heavily correlated with traffic collisions and may provide insightful information on the failure mechanism and factors that contribute more towards a collision. Although proactive traffic management systems have been supported heavily in the research community, and autonomous vehicles (AVs) are soon to become a reality, analyses are concentrated on very specific environments using aggregated data. This study aims at investigating –for the first time- rear-end conflict frequency in an urban network level using vehicle-to-vehicle interactions and at correlating frequency with the corresponding network traffic state. The Time-To-Collision (TTC) and Deceleration Rate to Avoid Crash (DRAC) metrics are utilized to estimate conflict frequency on the current network situation, as well as on scenarios including AV characteristics. Three critical conflict points are defined, according to TTC and DRAC thresholds. After extracting conflicts, data are fitted into Zero-inflated and also traditional Negative Binomial models, as well as quasi-Poisson models, while controlling for endogeneity, in order to investigate contributory factors of conflict frequency. Results demonstrate that conflict counts are significantly higher in congested traffic and that high variations in speed increase conflicts. Nevertheless, a comparison with simulated AV traffic and the use of more surrogate safety indicators could provide more insight into the relationship between traffic state and traffic conflicts in the near future.

ACS Style

Christos Katrakazas; Athanasios Theofilatos; Ashraful Islam; Eleonora Papadimitriou; Loukas Dimitriou; Constantinos Antoniou. Prediction of rear-end conflict frequency using multiple-location traffic parameters. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2021, 152, 106007 .

AMA Style

Christos Katrakazas, Athanasios Theofilatos, Ashraful Islam, Eleonora Papadimitriou, Loukas Dimitriou, Constantinos Antoniou. Prediction of rear-end conflict frequency using multiple-location traffic parameters. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021; 152 ():106007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christos Katrakazas; Athanasios Theofilatos; Ashraful Islam; Eleonora Papadimitriou; Loukas Dimitriou; Constantinos Antoniou. 2021. "Prediction of rear-end conflict frequency using multiple-location traffic parameters." Accident Analysis & Prevention 152, no. : 106007.

Journal article
Published: 28 December 2020 in Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)
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For the purpose of exploring the factors affecting injury severity of children and adolescents involved in traffic crashes in Greece, disaggregate crash data including 13,431 involving children and adolescents from all regions of Greece for the period 2006–2015 were utilized. In order to identify factors affecting injury severity and account for potential unobserved heterogeneity, a series of mixed logit models were utilized. To explore and address potential temporal instability of crash-related risk factors, the likelihood ratio test was applied. Results indicated that night crashes, crashes outside urban areas as well as crashes involving bicycles or powered-two-wheelers are associated with higher injury severity of children and adolescents. Interestingly, crashes involving pedestrians are associated with lower injury severity than head-on collisions and run-off-road collisions with fixed objects. Side and sideswipe crashes also result in lower injury severities. The likelihood ratio test indicated that crash-related factors are instable when comparing the models utilizing data before and after 2010 respectively. This study contributes to the current knowledge in the field, as to the best of our knowledge this is the first study that addresses unobserved heterogeneity when analyzing child and adolescent injury severity. Overall, the findings of this study provide useful insights and could assist in unveiling crash risk factors and prioritize programs and measures to promote road safety of children and adolescents.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; Constantinos Antoniou; George Yannis. Exploring injury severity of children and adolescents involved in traffic crashes in Greece. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 2020, 8, 596 -604.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, Constantinos Antoniou, George Yannis. Exploring injury severity of children and adolescents involved in traffic crashes in Greece. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). 2020; 8 (4):596-604.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; Constantinos Antoniou; George Yannis. 2020. "Exploring injury severity of children and adolescents involved in traffic crashes in Greece." Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 8, no. 4: 596-604.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2019 in Transportation Research Procedia
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The investigation of crash frequency with freeway traffic and weather data has recently received significant attention by researchers. This paper extends previous research by proposing nonlinear models for modeling crash frequencies which incorporate real-time traffic and weather data collected from an urban motorway in Athens, Greece. Cusp catastrophe theory is applied and compared with traditional statistical models such as the negative binomial model. The results of crash frequency models provide evidence of the potential applicability of the cusp catastrophe theory to road safety, however it seems that linearity of the system is preserved. Hence, traditional models such as the negative binomial model are proved equally capable of describing the underlying phenomenon, even though the goodness-of-fit is not as good as that of the cusp model. Therefore, the explanation of crash frequency phenomenon only with nonlinear model can be supported. A number of interesting findings have also been disclosed. Firstly, is that rainfall intensity has a strong linear impact on crashes (high rainfall intensity causes more crashes). On the other hand, average flow is indicated to have a strong non-linear relationship with crash frequency. Finally, more research is needed to further understand the applicability of cusp catastrophe theory in road safety.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos. Utilizing Real-time Traffic and Weather Data to Explore Crash Frequency on Urban Motorways: A Cusp Catastrophe Approach. Transportation Research Procedia 2019, 41, 471 -479.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos. Utilizing Real-time Traffic and Weather Data to Explore Crash Frequency on Urban Motorways: A Cusp Catastrophe Approach. Transportation Research Procedia. 2019; 41 ():471-479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos. 2019. "Utilizing Real-time Traffic and Weather Data to Explore Crash Frequency on Urban Motorways: A Cusp Catastrophe Approach." Transportation Research Procedia 41, no. : 471-479.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2019 in Transportation Research Procedia
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The effective treatment of crashes is a major concern to societies due to losses in human lives and the economic and social costs. Crash injury severity is one of the most well-known and well researched aspects of crashes in the science of road safety, with many study types across different countries and sample frames. All types of severity analyses primarily aim to determine the contributing factors for increased crash or injury severity and the respective degree of said contributions. Usually, driver and passenger-related factors are examined, as well as road environment characteristics such as geometric design aspects, traffic conditions, vehicle type and technology and weather conditions, as investigated in past literature. However, crash injury severity has not been adequately explored as the majority of relative research has a focus on analyzing crash likelihood, i.e. the probability of a crash to occur. Thus, this study aims to add to current knowledge by examining the determinants behind injury severity of occupants involved in crashes in the urban motorway Attica Tollway (‘Attiki odos’) which lies in the Greater Athens Area in Greece. In order to account or the unobserved heterogeneity, crash injury severity is explored by utilizing finite mixture logit models. Results indicate that a number of traffic parameters such as truck proportion, average flow and standard deviation of occupancy, as well as other risk factors, such as accident type and engine size have a significant effect on the injury severity outcome of vehicle occupants. Moreover, this model accounted for the heterogeneity among two distinct groups of observations. More research is needed in order to incorporate also vulnerable road users such as motorcyclists, cyclists and pedestrians and further investigate the impact of real-time traffic and weather parameters.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. Exploring Crash Injury Severity on Urban Motorways by Applying Finite Mixture Models. Transportation Research Procedia 2019, 41, 480 -487.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis. Exploring Crash Injury Severity on Urban Motorways by Applying Finite Mixture Models. Transportation Research Procedia. 2019; 41 ():480-487.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. 2019. "Exploring Crash Injury Severity on Urban Motorways by Applying Finite Mixture Models." Transportation Research Procedia 41, no. : 480-487.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2019 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Considerable efforts have been made from researchers and policy makers in order to explain road crash occurrence and improve road safety performance of highways. However, there are cases when crashes are so few that they could be considered as rare events. In such cases, the binary dependent variable is characterized by dozens to thousands of times fewer events (crashes) than non-events (non-crashes). This paper attempts to add to the current knowledge by investigating crash likelihood by utilizing real-time traffic data and by proposing a framework driven by appropriate statistical models (Bias Correction and Firth method) in order to overcome the problems that arise when the number of crashes is very low. Under this approach instead of using traditional logistic regression methods, crashes are considered as rare events In order to demonstrate this approach, traffic data were collected from three random loop detectors in the Attica Tollway ("Attiki Odos") located in Greater Athens Area in Greece for the 2008-2011 period. The traffic dataset consists of hourly aggregated traffic data such as flow, occupancy, mean time speed and percentage of trucks in traffic. This study demonstrates the application and findings of our approach and revealed a negative relationship between crash occurrence and speed in crash locations. The method and findings of the study attempt to provide insights on the mechanism of crash occurrence and also to overcome data considerations for the first time in safety evaluation of motorways.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Pantelis Kopelias; Fanis Papadimitriou. Impact of real-time traffic characteristics on crash occurrence: Preliminary results of the case of rare events. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2019, 130, 151 -159.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis, Pantelis Kopelias, Fanis Papadimitriou. Impact of real-time traffic characteristics on crash occurrence: Preliminary results of the case of rare events. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2019; 130 ():151-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Pantelis Kopelias; Fanis Papadimitriou. 2019. "Impact of real-time traffic characteristics on crash occurrence: Preliminary results of the case of rare events." Accident Analysis & Prevention 130, no. : 151-159.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2019 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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The objective of this paper is the review and comparative assessment of infrastructure related crash risk factors, with the explicit purpose of ranking them based on how detrimental they are towards road safety (i.e. crash risk, frequency and severity). This analysis was carried out within the SafetyCube project, which aimed to identify and quantify the effects of risk factors and measures related to behaviour, infrastructure or vehicles, and integrate the results in an innovative road safety Decision Support System (DSS). The evaluation was conducted by examining studies from the existing literature. These were selected and analysed using a specifically designed common methodology. Infrastructure risk factors were structured in a hierarchical taxonomy of 10 areas with several risk factors in each area (59 specific risk factors in total), examples include: alignment features (e.g. horizontal-vertical alignment deficiencies), cross-section characteristics (e.g. superelevation, lanes, median and shoulder deficiencies), road surface deficiencies, workzones, junction deficiencies (interchange and at-grade) etc. Consultation with infrastructure stakeholders (international organisations, road authorities, etc.) took place in dedicated workshops to identify user needs for the DSS, as well as “hot topics” of particular importance. The following analysis methodology was applied to each infrastructure risk factor: (i) A search for relevant international literature, (ii) Selection of studies on the basis of rigorous criteria, (iii) Analysis of studies in terms of design, methods and limitations, (iv) Synthesis of findings - and meta-analysis, when feasible. In total 243 recent and high quality studies were selected and analysed. Synthesis of results was made through 39 ‘Synopses’ (including 4 original meta-analyses) on individual risk factors or groups of risk factors. This allowed the ranking of infrastructure risk factors into three groups: risky (11 risk factors), probably risky (18 risk factors), and unclear (7 risk factors).

ACS Style

Eleonora Papadimitriou; Ashleigh Filtness; Athanasios Theofilatos; Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Claire Quigley; George Yannis. Review and ranking of crash risk factors related to the road infrastructure. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2019, 125, 85 -97.

AMA Style

Eleonora Papadimitriou, Ashleigh Filtness, Athanasios Theofilatos, Apostolos Ziakopoulos, Claire Quigley, George Yannis. Review and ranking of crash risk factors related to the road infrastructure. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2019; 125 ():85-97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Papadimitriou; Ashleigh Filtness; Athanasios Theofilatos; Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Claire Quigley; George Yannis. 2019. "Review and ranking of crash risk factors related to the road infrastructure." Accident Analysis & Prevention 125, no. : 85-97.

Review
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Safety Research
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Stakeholders could make good estimates on future crash numbers and causes and take action in order to counter the effects of passenger interaction.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Eleonora Papadimitriou; George Yannis. How many crashes are caused by driver interaction with passengers? A meta-analysis approach. Journal of Safety Research 2018, 65, 11 -20.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, Apostolos Ziakopoulos, Eleonora Papadimitriou, George Yannis. How many crashes are caused by driver interaction with passengers? A meta-analysis approach. Journal of Safety Research. 2018; 65 ():11-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Eleonora Papadimitriou; George Yannis. 2018. "How many crashes are caused by driver interaction with passengers? A meta-analysis approach." Journal of Safety Research 65, no. : 11-20.

Review
Published: 01 November 2017 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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There is strong evidence that work zones pose increased risk of crashes and injuries. The two most common risk factors associated with increased crash frequencies are work zone duration and length. However, relevant research on the topic is relatively limited. For that reason, this paper presents formal meta-analyses of studies that have estimated the relationship between the number of crashes and work zone duration and length, in order to provide overall estimates of those effects on crash frequencies. All studies presented in this paper are crash prediction models with similar specifications. According to the meta-analyses and after correcting for publication bias when it was considered appropriate, the summary estimates of regression coefficients were found to be 0.1703 for duration and 0.862 for length. These effects were significant for length but not for duration. However, the overall estimate of duration was significant before correcting for publication bias. Separate meta-analyses on the studies examining both duration and length was also carried out in order to have rough estimates of the combined effects. The estimate of duration was found to be 0.953, while for length was 0.847. Similar to previous meta-analyses the effect of duration after correcting for publication bias is not significant, while the effect of length was significant at a 95% level. Meta-regression findings indicate that the main factors influencing the overall estimates of the beta coefficients are study year and region for duration and study year and model specification for length.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Eleonora Papadimitriou; George Yannis; Konstantinos Diamandouros. Meta-analysis of the effect of road work zones on crash occurrence. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2017, 108, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, Apostolos Ziakopoulos, Eleonora Papadimitriou, George Yannis, Konstantinos Diamandouros. Meta-analysis of the effect of road work zones on crash occurrence. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2017; 108 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; Apostolos Ziakopoulos; Eleonora Papadimitriou; George Yannis; Konstantinos Diamandouros. 2017. "Meta-analysis of the effect of road work zones on crash occurrence." Accident Analysis & Prevention 108, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition)
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This study aims to divide traffic into meaningful clusters (regimes) and to investigate their impact on accident likelihood and accident severity. Furthermore, the likelihood of powered-two-wheelers (PTWs) involvement in an accident is examined. To achieve the aims of the study, traffic and accident data during the period 2006–2011 from two major arterials in Athens were collected and processed. Firstly, a finite mixture cluster analysis was implemented to classify traffic into clusters. Afterwards, discriminant analysis was carried out in order to correctly assign new cases to the existing regimes by using a training and a testing set. Lastly, Bayesian logistic regression models were developed to investigate the impact of traffic regimes on accident likelihood and severity. The findings of this study suggest that urban traffic can be divided into different regimes by using average traffic occupancy and its standard deviation, measured by nearby upstream and downstream loop detectors. The results revealed potential hazardous traffic conditions, which are discussed in the paper. In general, high occupancy values increase accident likelihood, but tend to lead slight accidents, while PTWs are more likely to be involved in an accident, when traffic occupancy is high. Transitions from high to low occupancy also increase accident likelihood

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Eleni I. Vlahogianni; John C. Golias. Modeling the effect of traffic regimes on safety of urban arterials: The case study of Athens. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 2017, 4, 240 -251.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis, Eleni I. Vlahogianni, John C. Golias. Modeling the effect of traffic regimes on safety of urban arterials: The case study of Athens. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition). 2017; 4 (3):240-251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Eleni I. Vlahogianni; John C. Golias. 2017. "Modeling the effect of traffic regimes on safety of urban arterials: The case study of Athens." Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 4, no. 3: 240-251.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Journal of Safety Research
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The identification of risk factors can lead to the development of effective traffic management strategies to reduce accident occurrence and severity of injuries in urban arterials.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos. Incorporating real-time traffic and weather data to explore road accident likelihood and severity in urban arterials. Journal of Safety Research 2017, 61, 9 -21.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos. Incorporating real-time traffic and weather data to explore road accident likelihood and severity in urban arterials. Journal of Safety Research. 2017; 61 ():9-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos. 2017. "Incorporating real-time traffic and weather data to explore road accident likelihood and severity in urban arterials." Journal of Safety Research 61, no. : 9-21.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2017 in Journal of Transportation Safety & Security
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ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Constantinos Antoniou; Antonis Chaziris; Dimitris Sermpis. Time series and support vector machines to predict powered-two-wheeler accident risk and accident type propensity: A combined approach. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 2017, 10, 471 -490.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis, Constantinos Antoniou, Antonis Chaziris, Dimitris Sermpis. Time series and support vector machines to predict powered-two-wheeler accident risk and accident type propensity: A combined approach. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security. 2017; 10 (5):471-490.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Constantinos Antoniou; Antonis Chaziris; Dimitris Sermpis. 2017. "Time series and support vector machines to predict powered-two-wheeler accident risk and accident type propensity: A combined approach." Journal of Transportation Safety & Security 10, no. 5: 471-490.

Original articles
Published: 20 September 2016 in Traffic Injury Prevention
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Objective: Understanding the various factors that affect accident risk is of particular concern to decision makers and researchers. The incorporation of real-time traffic and weather data constitutes a fruitful approach when analyzing accident risk. However, the vast majority of relevant research has no specific focus on vulnerable road users such as powered 2-wheelers (PTWs). Moreover, studies using data from urban roads and arterials are scarce. This study aims to add to the current knowledge by considering real-time traffic and weather data from 2 major urban arterials in the city of Athens, Greece, in order to estimate the effect of traffic, weather, and other characteristics on PTW accident involvement. Methods: Because of the high number of candidate variables, a random forest model was applied to reveal the most important variables. Then, the potentially significant variables were used as input to a Bayesian logistic regression model in order to reveal the magnitude of their effect on PTW accident involvement. Results: The results of the analysis suggest that PTWs are more likely to be involved in multivehicle accidents than in single-vehicle accidents. It was also indicated that increased traffic flow and variations in speed have a significant influence on PTW accident involvement. On the other hand, weather characteristics were found to have no effect. Conclusions: The findings of this study can contribute to the understanding of accident mechanisms of PTWs and reduce PTW accident risk in urban arterials.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. Investigation of powered 2-wheeler accident involvement in urban arterials by considering real-time traffic and weather data. Traffic Injury Prevention 2016, 18, 293 -298.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis. Investigation of powered 2-wheeler accident involvement in urban arterials by considering real-time traffic and weather data. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2016; 18 (3):293-298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. 2016. "Investigation of powered 2-wheeler accident involvement in urban arterials by considering real-time traffic and weather data." Traffic Injury Prevention 18, no. 3: 293-298.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Transportation Research Procedia
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ACS Style

Alexandra Laiou; Athanasios Theofilatos; Stergios Mavromatis; George Yannis; Siarhei Azemsha. An Exploration of Road Safety Parameters in Belarus and the European Union. Transportation Research Procedia 2016, 14, 2083 -2090.

AMA Style

Alexandra Laiou, Athanasios Theofilatos, Stergios Mavromatis, George Yannis, Siarhei Azemsha. An Exploration of Road Safety Parameters in Belarus and the European Union. Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 14 ():2083-2090.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandra Laiou; Athanasios Theofilatos; Stergios Mavromatis; George Yannis; Siarhei Azemsha. 2016. "An Exploration of Road Safety Parameters in Belarus and the European Union." Transportation Research Procedia 14, no. : 2083-2090.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Transportation Research Procedia
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Modeling road accident occurrence has gained increasing attention over the years. So far, considerable efforts have been made from researchers and policy makers in order to explain road accidents and improve road safety performance of highways. In reality, road accidents are rare events. In such cases, the binary dependent variable is characterized by dozens to thousands of times fewer events (accidents) than non-events (non-accidents). Instead of using traditional logistic regression methods, this paper considers accidents as rare events and proposes a series of rare-events logit models which are applied in order to model road accident occurrence by utilizing real-time traffic data. This statistical procedure was initially proposed by King and Zeng (2001) when scholars study rare events such as wars, massive economic crises and so on. Rare-events logit models basically estimate the same models as traditional logistic regression, but the estimates as well as the probabilities are corrected for the bias that occurs when the sample is small or the observed events are very rare. Consequently, the basic problem of underestimating the event probabilities is avoided as stated by King and Zeng (2001). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this approach is followed when road accident data are analyzed. Instead of applying a traditional case-control study, the complete dataset of hourly aggregated traffic data such as flow, occupancy, mean time speed and percentage of trucks, were collected from three random loop detectors in the Attica Tollway (“Attiki Odos”) located in Greater Athens Area in Greece for the 2008–2011 period. The modeling results showed an adequate statistical fit and reveal a negative relationship between accident occurrence and the natural logarithm of speed in the accident location. This study attempts to contribute to the understanding of accident occurrence in motorways by developing novel models such as the rare-events logit for the first time in safety evaluation of motorways.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Pantelis Kopelias; Fanis Papadimitriou. Predicting Road Accidents: A Rare-events Modeling Approach. Transportation Research Procedia 2016, 14, 3399 -3405.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis, Pantelis Kopelias, Fanis Papadimitriou. Predicting Road Accidents: A Rare-events Modeling Approach. Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 14 ():3399-3405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Pantelis Kopelias; Fanis Papadimitriou. 2016. "Predicting Road Accidents: A Rare-events Modeling Approach." Transportation Research Procedia 14, no. : 3399-3405.

Original articles
Published: 09 February 2015 in Traffic Injury Prevention
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Objective: This article investigates the attitudes and behavior of Greek drivers with specific focus on mobile phone use while driving. Methods: The research is based on the data of the pan-European SARTRE 4 survey, which was conducted on a representative sample of Greek drivers in 2011. Analysis of the drivers' behavior was carried out by the statistical methods of factor and cluster analysis. Results: According to the results of factor analysis, Greek drivers' responses in the selected questions were summarized into 4 factors, describing road behavior and accident involvement probability as well as their views on issues concerning other drivers' road behaviors, fatigued driving, enforcement of road safety, and mobile phone use while driving. The results of cluster analysis indicated 5 different groups of Greek drivers—the moderate, the optimistic, the conservative, the risky, and the reasonably cautious—and the characteristics of each group where identified. Conclusions: These results may be useful for the appropriate design of targeted road safety campaigns and other countermeasures.

ACS Style

George Yannis; Athanasios Theofilatos; Paraskevi Marinou. Attitudes of Greek Drivers with Focus on Mobile Phone Use While Driving. Traffic Injury Prevention 2015, 16, 831 -834.

AMA Style

George Yannis, Athanasios Theofilatos, Paraskevi Marinou. Attitudes of Greek Drivers with Focus on Mobile Phone Use While Driving. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2015; 16 (8):831-834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Yannis; Athanasios Theofilatos; Paraskevi Marinou. 2015. "Attitudes of Greek Drivers with Focus on Mobile Phone Use While Driving." Traffic Injury Prevention 16, no. 8: 831-834.

Review
Published: 01 November 2014 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Taking into consideration the increasing availability of real-time traffic data and stimulated by the importance of proactive safety management, this paper attempts to provide a review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety, identify the gaps and discuss the needs for further research. Despite the existence of generally mixed evidence on the effect of traffic parameters, a few patterns can be observed. For instance, traffic flow seems to have a non-linear relationship with accident rates, even though some studies suggest linear relationship with accidents. On the other hand, increased speed limits have found to have a straightforward positive relationship with accident occurrence. Regarding weather effects, the effect of precipitation is quite consistent and leads generally to increased accident frequency but does not seem to have a consistent effect on severity. The impact of other weather parameters on safety, such as visibility, wind speed and temperature is not found straightforward so far. The increasing use of real-time data not only makes easier to identify the safety impact of traffic and weather characteristics, but most importantly makes possible the identification of their combined effect. The more systematic use of these real-time data may address several of the research gaps identified in this research.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. A review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2014, 72, 244 -256.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis. A review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2014; 72 ():244-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. 2014. "A review of the effect of traffic and weather characteristics on road safety." Accident Analysis & Prevention 72, no. : 244-256.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Accident Analysis & Prevention
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Riding a motorcycle under the influence of alcohol is a dangerous activity, especially considering the high vulnerability of motorcyclists. The present research investigates the factors that affect the declared frequency of drink-riding among motorcyclists in Europe and explores regional differences. Data were collected from the SARTRE-4 (Social Attitudes to Road Traffic Risk in Europe) survey, which was conducted in 19 countries. A total sample of 4483 motorcyclists was interviewed by using a face-to-face questionnaire. The data were analyzed by means of multilevel ordered logit models. The results revealed significant regional differences (between Northern, Eastern and Southern European countries) in drink-riding frequencies in Europe. In general, declared drinking and riding were positively associated with gender (males), increased exposure, underestimation of risk, friends’ behaviour, past accidents and alcohol ticket experience. On the other hand, it was negatively associated with underestimation of the amount of alcohol allowed before driving, and support for more severe penalties. Multilevel ordered logit mode

ACS Style

Eleonora Papadimitriou; Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Julien Cestac; Sami Kraïem. Motorcycle riding under the influence of alcohol: Results from the SARTRE-4 survey. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2014, 70, 121 -130.

AMA Style

Eleonora Papadimitriou, Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis, Julien Cestac, Sami Kraïem. Motorcycle riding under the influence of alcohol: Results from the SARTRE-4 survey. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2014; 70 ():121-130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleonora Papadimitriou; Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis; Julien Cestac; Sami Kraïem. 2014. "Motorcycle riding under the influence of alcohol: Results from the SARTRE-4 survey." Accident Analysis & Prevention 70, no. : 121-130.

Review
Published: 22 May 2014 in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion
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Powered-two-wheelers (PTWs) constitute a very vulnerable type of road users. The notable increase in their share in traffic and the high risk of severe accident occurrence raise the need for further research. However, current research on PTW safety is not as extensive as for other road users (passenger cars, etc.). Consequently, the objective of this research is to provide a critical review of research on Power-Two-Wheeler behaviour and safety with regard to data collection, methods of analysis and contributory factors, and discuss the needs for further research. Both macroscopic analyses (accident frequency, accident rates and severity) and microscopic analyses (PTW rider behaviour, interaction with other motorised traffic) are examined and discussed in this paper. The research gaps and the needs for future research are identified, discussed and put in a broad framework. When the interactions between behaviour, accident frequency/rates and severity are co-considered and co-investigated with the various contributory factors (riders, other users, road and traffic environment, vehicles), the accident and injury causes as well as the related solutions are better identified.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. A review of powered-two-wheeler behaviour and safety. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 2014, 22, 284 -307.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis. A review of powered-two-wheeler behaviour and safety. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. 2014; 22 (4):284-307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. 2014. "A review of powered-two-wheeler behaviour and safety." International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion 22, no. 4: 284-307.

Original articles
Published: 17 December 2013 in Traffic Injury Prevention
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The objective of this study is to investigate patterns of road safety attitudes and behaviors of motorcyclists in Europe on the basis of the results of the pan-European questionnaire-based survey SARTRE-4, carried out in late 2010 in 18 European countries and Israel. In addition, we attempt to explore the link between attitudes, behaviors, and other motorcyclist attributes with motorcyclist involvement in accidents in the past 3 years, in which someone, including the rider, was injured and received medical attention as stated in the motorcyclists' responses.

ACS Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. Relationship Between Motorcyclists’ Attitudes, Behavior, and Other Attributes With Declared Accident Involvement in Europe. Traffic Injury Prevention 2013, 15, 156 -164.

AMA Style

Athanasios Theofilatos, George Yannis. Relationship Between Motorcyclists’ Attitudes, Behavior, and Other Attributes With Declared Accident Involvement in Europe. Traffic Injury Prevention. 2013; 15 (2):156-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Athanasios Theofilatos; George Yannis. 2013. "Relationship Between Motorcyclists’ Attitudes, Behavior, and Other Attributes With Declared Accident Involvement in Europe." Traffic Injury Prevention 15, no. 2: 156-164.