The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and biochemical changes of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbial structure of Penaeus vannamei under various levels of carbonate alkalinity stress. After Penaeus vannamei (body length 14.24 ± 2.13 cm, body weight 26.31 ± 3.26 g) was subjected to 96 h carbonate alkalinity stress, the alkalinity stress levels were E8 (8 mmol/L), E18 (18 mmol/L) and E28 (28 mmol/L), respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined by enzyme markers, and then the intestinal microorganisms of Penaeus vannamei were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that, under the stress of high carbonate alkalinity, the mortality rate of Penaeus vannamei was as high as 75%, and hepatopancreas cells showed obvious deformation, abnormal nuclear shapes, and serious cell vacuolation. Under high carbonate alkalinity stress, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity in the Penaeus vannamei hepatopancreas were significantly lower than those in control group (p < 0.05), and malondialdehyde content was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity in the experimental group was significantly different from that in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 16SrDNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that the intestinal abundance of Proteobacteria in Penaeus vannamei was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) under high carbonate alkalinity stress, and the abundance of Bacteroides was significantly increased (p < 0.05). At the genus level, the abundance of Chrysobacteria was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The functional prediction results of COG and KEGG showed that the functional abundance of RNA polymerase sigma-70 factor is direct bacterial or plastid core RNA polymerase and is specific to promoter elements that are situated 10 and 35 base-pairs upstream of transcription-initiation points—in the high carbonate alkalinity treatment group, this was higher than that in the control group. The functional abundance of signal transduction histidine kinase was lower than that of the control group. The results of this study not only indicated that Penaeus vannamei cell structure would change and mortality would increase under high carbonate alkalinity culture environment, but they also analyzed the changes of the intestinal microbial structure under carbonate alkalinity stress. This study could provide theoretical reference for Penaeus vannamei saline–alkali land culture.

The characteristics of zooplankton communities and the relationships with the aquatic environment in the shallow waters of northern Liaodong Bay were investigated. Spot sampling surveys were carried out in April, June, September, and November 2018 to assess zooplankton species composition and diversity, abundance, biomass, and dominant species, and the associated relationships with environmental factors. A total of 45 species of zooplankton were recorded in the survey, comprising 18 Copepoda, 2 Amphipoda, 1 Mysidacea, 1 Decapoda, 1 Chaetognatha, 7 Hydrozoa, 1 Tunicate, and 14 planktonic larvae. Overall, the most dominant species was Aidanosagitta crassa (Tokioka, 1938), with copepods and planktonic larvae also dominating the zooplankton community. However, there was a seasonal alternation of species dominance. A cluster analysis showed that the zooplankton community in spring differed from other seasons and was mostly influenced by suspended particulate matter. Bioenv analysis indicated the main environmental factor affecting the zooplankton community in spring was suspended particulate matter. In summer, the determining variables were temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), nitrate, and sediment pH. In autumn, temperature, DIN, and nitrate were determining variables, and dissolved oxygen (DO) and DIN in winter. Zooplankton abundance and biomass were influenced by salinity, suspended particulate matter, chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorophyll, and water and sediment pH. In general, the shallow sea area north of Liaodong Bay is rich in zooplankton species and exhibits significant seasonal variations. Human activities have disturbed the biological community to a certain extent, and the environmental factors in this area are closely related to the diversity of zooplankton species.

To investigate the fishery community structure in spring at the early stage of construction of Tangshan Marine Ranching, in China. This study analyzed the relationship between species composition, diversity and community structure of fishery resources in marine ranching using survey data from March, April, and May 2017. The results showed that a total of 53 species of organisms occurred in the spring in the waters inside and outside the reef area of the marine pasture. Among them, 20 species of fish were among the chordates. 16 species of arthropods, including 6 species of shrimps and 8 species of crabs. Ten species of mollusks, including 6 species of snails. 5 species of echinoderms, 1 species of annelids, and 1 species of Cnidaria). The diversity index, evenness index and richness index outside the reef area of marine ranching in spring were greater than those in the reef area. According to cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scale ranking analysis, the biological communities inside and outside the reef area can be divided into four groups, with the similarity of the communities in the reef area being greater. The Abundance-Biomass Comparison curves (ABC curve) indicated that the biological communities within and outside of the reef had been moderately disturbed. The relative importance index and niche analysis demonstrated that there had been sufficient bait in the reef area, and the ecological structure of the marine ranching was taking shape.

Marine islands play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. The waters of the Wangjiadao islands, which are located in the Northern Yellow Sea, are one of the typical island ecosystems. Sea cucumbers and shellfish are important target species, but information on ecological capacity is lacking. Using the EWE model, a food web model was constructed for the waters of Wangjiadao Island in order to estimate the potential biomass of selected species that could proliferate without destabilizing the ecosystem. The model consists of 22 functional groups that were selected for their functional roles within the ecosystem and the availability of data. The potential for fishery biomass enhancement is significant, with sea cucumber biomass increasing by 242%, Mizuhopecten yessoensis biomass increasing by 42%, Chlamys farreri biomass increasing by 1.6%, Ruditapes philippinarum biomass increasing by 0.5% and Portunus trituberculatus biomass increasing by 134%, reflecting the development of the Wangjiadao Islands water’s ecosystem, and the results can be used as a reference for fisheries resource management.