This article presents the construction, exploratory dimensionality analysis (Study 1), and validation (Study 2) of the self-report and 36-item Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA). It is the first instrument to measure different aspects of individuation (in relation to mother and father) specifically in emerging adulthood. The construct validity of the final 5-factor structure (Support Seeking, Connectedness, Intrusiveness, Self-Reliance, and Fear of Disappointing the Parent) was satisfactory. The results of multigroup analyses demonstrated that the factor structure is stable across male and female emerging adults for ITEA assessments in relation to both mother and father. The ITEA scales also show good internal consistency and concurrent validity against Emotional, Conflictual, and Functional Dependence scales of the Psychological Separation Inventory.

In this study we developed a short version of the Individuation Test for Emerging Adults (ITEA–S) and tested its measurement invariance across Slovene and U.S. samples of emerging adults. The item reduction process resulted in retaining 21 out of 36 items. The content analysis of the retained and discarded items revealed that the ITEA–S adequately measures the 5 individuation domains (support seeking, connectedness, intrusiveness, self-reliance, and fear of disappointing the parent). In our samples, the ITEA–S demonstrated evidence for construct validity and its 5 scales showed adequate internal consistency. The scale scores were also meaningfully associated with the relevant demographic variables in both countries, as well as the three scales of the Psychological Separation Inventory (Hoffman, 1984 Hoffman, J. A. (1984). Psychological separation of late adolescents from their parents. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31, 170–178. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] ; the Slovene sample), and the scales of the Differentiation of Self–Revised questionnaire (Skowron & Schmitt, 2003 Skowron, E. A. , & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI Fusion with Others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29, 209–222. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] ; the U.S. sample). The results of multiple group confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypothesis of full metric and partial scalar invariance for both ITEA–S forms (in relation to mother and father) across the 2 country groups.

This study examined the factorial validity of the Slovene version of the cultural intelligence scale (CQS) in a representative sample of 1,000 Slovenian participants (49% were female). The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the Slovene CQS and the existence of a general (second-order) cultural intelligence factor. The four scales and the overall (general) CQS scale showed satisfactory internal consistency. The results of multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses supported the hypotheses of partial measurement invariance across gender, and full measurement invariance across type of settlement (urban vs. rural).

V raziskavi smo preučevali dimenzije perfekcionizma, anksioznosti in depresivnosti kot dejavnike, ki se povezujejo z odlašanjem z akademskim delom. Osrednji namen raziskave je bil preveriti moderatorsko vlogo dimenzij perfekcionizma v odnosu med stopnjo anksioznosti in depresivnosti ter akademskim odlašanjem. Na vzorcu 403 študentov smo uporabili štiri lestvice: lestvico perfekcionizma FMPS, lestvico akademske prokrastinacije APS-SI, lestvico depresivnosti CESD in lestvico anksioznosti STAI-X2. Rezultati so pokazali, da na slovenskem vzorcu študentov obstaja statistično značilen pozitiven odnos med neprilagojenimi dimenzijami perfekcionizma, anksioznostjo, depresivnostjo in akademskim odlašanjem. Obenem so rezultati pokazali pomembno negativno povezanost med prilagojenima dimenzijama perfekcionizma in akademskim odlašanjem. Prav tako se je izkazalo, da so določene dimenzije perfekcionizma, anksioznost in depresivnost pomembni napovedniki akademskega odlašanja. Nadalje je analiza rezultatov pokazala, da odnos med stopnjo anksioznosti in akademskim odlašanjem moderira le ena od šestih dimenzij perfekcionizma (dimenzija osebni standardi), medtem ko odnos med stopnjo depresivnosti in akademskim odlašanjem moderira neprilagojena dimenzija pričakovanja staršev.