Considerable efforts have been made by modern aquaculture to mitigate the environmental damages caused by its practices while also attempting to improve the quality of the aquatic organisms by promoting alternatives, such as the use of natural products, like garlic (Allium sativum), and instead of chemical agents. Garlic has multiple properties, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antitoxic, and anticancer effects. In fish, the antiparasitic activity of garlic is one of the most reported effects in the literature, mainly using immersion baths for aquatic organisms. Using garlic also has an antimicrobial effect on the culture of aquatic organisms. Therefore, this review focuses on the impact of garlic on the health and production of aquatic organisms. Keywords: Allium sativum, aquaculture, crustacean, salmonid, tilapia.

This case report describes how an erratic specimen of Ascaridia galli in the adult phase was recovered in an unusual way from a hen’s egg intended for human consumption. Although the literature on similar events is limited, this appears to be the first case reported in Bucaramanga, Colombia. The parasite was identified directly under a light microscope as an adult female A. galli, 6.5-cm long with 3 trilobed lips. In addition, the remaining eggs of the same group were examined to determine if there were more cases of erratic migration in that same batch. This nematode can cause various pathological conditions, including enteritis, hemorrhage, diarrhea, anemia, weakness, and emaciation, that can lead to huge economic and production losses in the poultry industry.

Background and Aim: Pasteurella multocida can infect a multitude of wild and domesticated animals, bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal production. The study aimed to evaluate the current status and scientific trends related to veterinary vaccines against Pasteurella multocida during the 2015–2022 period. Materials and Methods: The characteristics of globally marketed vaccines were investigated based on the official websites of 22 pharmaceutical companies. VOSviewer® 1.6.18 was used to visualize networks of coauthorship and cooccurrence of keywords from papers published in English and available in Scopus. Results: Current commercial vaccines are mostly inactivated (81.7%), adjuvanted in aluminum hydroxide (57.8%), and designed to immunize cattle (33.0%). Investigational vaccines prioritize the inclusion of attenuated strains, peptide fragments, recombinant proteins, DNA as antigens, aluminum compounds as adjuvants and poultry as the target species. Conclusion: Despite advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, there will be no changes in the commercial dominance of inactivated and aluminum hydroxide-adjuvanted vaccines in the short term (3–5 years). The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in animal production are promising, with advancements in vaccine formulation and genetic engineering, they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the industry. It is necessary to continue with the studies to improve the efficacy of the vaccines and their availability. Keywords: adjuvant, Pasteurella multocida, strain, technological surveillance, vaccine.

Commercial vaccines used in poultry, cattle, and aquaculture: a multidirectional comparison

The study investigates the economic aspects of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) production using biofloc technology under different electrical energy sources. Conducted at the El Vergel Fish Farming Association in Arauca, Colombia, the study examines four energy treatments: conventional energy (CE), combined conventional and photovoltaic energy (CPVE), full photovoltaic energy (PVE), and simulation of photovoltaic energy generating surplus for nighttime use (PVES). The water quality and zootechnical performance met the species requirements, with dissolved oxygen decreasing as fish size increased. The PVE treatment had the highest initial investment due to solar panels and battery costs, but it also had the lowest operating energy costs. However, the overall costs of the PVE treatment increased due to depreciation and maintenance. Feed was the largest production cost, followed by labor in most treatments, while depreciation was a major cost for the PVE treatment. The total operating cost (TOC) of the photovoltaic energy systems (PVE and PVES) was lower compared to that of conventional energy (CE), with PVES showing the highest cost savings. The reduction in energy costs highlights the potential for solar energy systems to enhance the economic viability of aquaculture production, making these systems a favorable option for sustainable production in the long term.

Dentro de las enfermedades biológicas en la piscicultura, se encuentran las causadas por parásitos, principalmente por la clase monogenea, que provocan perdidas en la tasa de crecimiento y altas mortalidades, representando grandes pérdidas económicas en la acuicultura. Se reportó el diagnóstico clínico de parásitos monogeneos en peces producidos bajo sistemas intensivos, implementando tecnología biofloc (BFT) en dos municipios del Departamento de Arauca. El primer caso se dio en la Asociación Piscícola el Vergel, municipio de Arauquita, en alevinos de tilapia roja (Oreochromis spp.). En el municipio de Arauca, en la Granja Experimental Picure (GEP), se presentó la segunda infestación parasitaria en alevinos de yamú (Brycon siebenthalae). En los dos casos, los parámetros de calidad físico-químicas de agua fueron evaluados con equipos y metodologías establecidas, la evaluación macro y microscópica de los peces fueron realizadas en el laboratorio de especies dulce acuícolas de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia sede Arauca. Los parámetros de calidad de agua se encontraron en los rangos ideales para la producción de peces, el único valor por debajo de lo recomendado fueron los sólidos decantables. Las lesiones macroscópicas encontradas fueron exoftalmia, ascitis, hemorragias, aletas y piel erosionada, en la evaluación microscópica, se observaron microorganismos parasitarios y por características morfológicas se logró establecer la presencia de monogeneos. Se instauro tratamiento con sal blanca en dosis de 3 g/l de agua, se realizaron cambios del 50 % del volumen total con agua desinfectada tres días antes usando formol a razón de 10 ml/l de agua. La mortalidad fue del 95 % de la población total de tilapia roja y el 100% de los alevinos de yamú. La desinfección del agua y alevinos antes de la siembra es lo más recomendable para evitar problemas ictiopatológicos