Panstrongylus noireauisp. nov. from Bolivia is described based on male and female specimens. Although morphologically almost indistinguishable from Panstrongylus rufotuberculatus (Champion, 1899), the new species shows remarkable chromosome and molecular features, which are very distinctive among all others Panstrongylus species. The new species is also separated by some characteristics of the processes of the endosoma of the male genitalia. An updated key for species of Panstrongylus is provided.

Hiranetis coleopteroides (Walker, 1873) is here found to be conspecific with Graptocleptes bicolor (Burmeister, 1838). Graptocleptes bicolor is redescribed and the male genitalia characters are illustrated for the first time. Intraspecific morphological, color and male genitalia variability are discussed. Furthermore, the species is recorded from Paraguay for the first time.

New occurrences of Reduviidae from Bolivia and Brazil are recorded for the first time. Morphological remarks on the female of Heza gilsantanai Bérenger (Harpactorinae) are given. The possible aposematicism between Notocyrtus colombianus Carvalho & Costa (Harpactorinae) and Ptilotrigona lurida (Smith) (Hymenoptera; Apidae; Apinae) is suggested. Based on biological observations, Zelus nigrispinus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) (Harpactorinae) is considered a junior synonym of Zelus versicolor (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848).

Environmental modifications caused by human activities have led to changes in mosquito vector populations, and sylvatic species have adapted to breeding in urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected using ovitraps in three sampling sites in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We collected 2,162 Culicidae specimens. Haemagogus janthinomys and Haemagogus leucocelaenus, both sylvatic yellow fever virus vectors, were the most common species found. There is a potential for the transmission of arboviruses in and around these natural reserves. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain entomological surveillance programs in the region.

A temporal observational study was conducted of the Culicidae fauna in a remnant area of Atlantic Forest within a private reserve (Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve-REGUA) presenting typical vegetation cover of dense rain forest, with some patches recovering a floristic composition similar to that of the original community. Research was carried out to analyze the influence of climatic factors (mean monthly temperature, rainfall, and air relative humidity) on the temporal dynamics of the mosquito communities that occur in the reserve. The completeness of the mosquito inventory was assessed with individual-based rarefaction-extrapolation curves. Differences in species composition between sites and months were tested with PERMANOVA. True diversities of orders 0, 1, and 2 (effective numbers) were estimated and compared between sites, months, and years. Multiple stepwise regressions were used to assess relationships between climatic variables, measures of diversity, and abundances of the most common species. There were significant interactive effects between year and site on measures of diversity. However, diversity estimates showed little variation among months, and these were weakly correlated with climatic variables. Abundances of the most common species were significantly related to temperature or relative humidity, but not rainfall. The presence of mosquito species known to be vectors of human diseases combined with an intermittent flow of visitors to the study area suggests there is a risk of disease transmission that warrants further monitoring.