Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and it plays an important role in immune regulation and disease prevention. Tea is one of the top three beverages in the world, and it contains active ingredients such as polyphenols, theanine, flavonoids, and volatile substances, which have important health benefits. The tea tree has suitable Se aggregation ability, which can absorb inorganic Se and transform it into safe and effective organic Se through absorption by the human body, thereby improving human immunity and preventing the occurrence of many diseases. Recent studies have proven that 50~100.0 mg/L exogenous Se can promote photosynthesis and absorption of mineral elements in tea trees and increase their biomass. The content of total Se and organic selenides in tea leaves significantly increases and promotes the accumulation of polyphenols, theanine, flavonoids, and volatile secondary metabolites, thereby improving the nutritional quality of tea leaves. This paper summarizes previous research on the effects of exogenous Se treatment on the growth and quality of tea trees to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the germplasm selection and exploitation of Se-rich tea.

Selenium is an essential trace element which plays an important role in human immune regulation and disease prevention. Plants absorb inorganic selenium (selenite or selenate) from the soil and convert it into various organic selenides (such as seleno amino acids, selenoproteins, and volatile selenides) via the sulfur metabolic pathway. These organic selenides are important sources of dietary selenium supplementation for humans. Organoselenides can promote plant growth, improve nutritional quality, and play an important regulatory function in plant ecosystems. The release of selenium-containing compounds into the soil by Se hyperaccumulators can promote the growth of Se accumulators but inhibit the growth and distribution of non-Se accumulators. Volatile selenides with specific odors have a deterrent effect on herbivores, reducing their feeding on plants. Soil microorganisms can effectively promote the uptake and transformation of selenium in plants, and organic selenides in plants can improve the tolerance of plants to pathogenic bacteria. Although selenium is not an essential trace element for plants, the right amount of selenium has important physiological and ecological benefits for them. This review summarizes recent research related to the functions of selenium in plant ecosystems to provide a deeper understanding of the significance of this element in plant physiology and ecosystems and to serve as a theoretical basis and technical support for the full exploitation and rational application of the ecological functions of selenium-accumulating plants.

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent., a dioecious tree species that belongs to the Moraceae family, is a perennial plant found extensively throughout China. Its leaves are rich in essential trace elements such as copper, molybdenum, manganese, and iron, as well as various biologically active compounds, including amino acids, polysaccharides, proteins, as well as flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other polyphenolic compounds. These compounds exhibit significant pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, lipid-lowering, heat-clearing, detoxifying, blood-cooling, diuretic, and immunomodulatory activities. In recent years, B. papyrifera has gained attention for its medicinal potential; however, breeding efforts, especially those aimed at increasing the flavonoid content, have lagged. This study reviews the progress in research on the active medicinal ingredients of B. papyrifera, with a focus on identification methods, classification criteria, and enrichment technologies for its medicinal components. The biosynthesis of structural genes and transcription factors in flavonoids has been investigated in B. papyrifera. The pharmacological effects of the secondary metabolites of B. papyrifera were systematically examined, aiming to offer strategies for enhancing the flavonoid content and promoting its medicinal value.

Selenium (Se) is an important trace element in human and animal health. Approximately 0.5–1 billion people worldwide are facing Se deficiency which can result in various endemic diseases. Cabbage is one of the most popular vegetables and can accumulate Se through biofortification. Therefore, producing Se-enriched cabbage may be an effective method to alleviate Se deficiency. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of selenite application on the growth and nutritional quality of cabbage were investigated and the results showed that the growth of cabbage was promoted at low concentrations of selenite (0.1–0.4 mmol/L) but inhibited at high concentrations (0.8–1.6 mmol/L). Concentrations of 0.1–0.2 mmol/L of selenite induced the accumulation of primary metabolites (soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and free amino acids), representative secondary metabolites (ascorbic acid, glucosinolates, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids), and important antioxidant enzyme (glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) activity to improve the nutritional quality of cabbages. In addition, a higher concentration (0.8–1.6 mmol/L) of selenite proved beneficial in the accumulation of total Se and representative organic Se in cabbages. The main organic Se species in cabbage were selenomethionine (SeMet), accounting for 12.10% of total Se, followed by selenocysteine (SeCys₂), accounting for 2.96% of total Se. It is suggested that an appropriate dose of exogenous selenite could be selected for different production purposes in cabbage cultivation. These findings are helpful for us to deeply understand the effects of selenite on the growth and nutritional quality of cabbages and to provide reliable technical support for vegetable cultivation and Se biofortification.