Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local application of platelet-rich plasma to perforated rat tympanic membranes, in terms of healing time and histopathological outcome.Methods: Eighty-eight tympanic membranes of 44 rats were given a standard 3 mm perforation, and platelet-rich plasma was applied to the right tympanic membrane perforations. The left tympanic membranes were left to heal spontaneously, as controls. The 44 rats were divided into two groups. In group one, comprising 20 rats, daily otomicroscopic examination of the tympanic membrane perforations was performed. The 24 rats in group two were subdivided into four subgroups of six rats each; these subgroups were sacrificed sequentially on days three, seven, 14 and 28 for histopathological examination, regardless of tympanic membrane healing stage.Results: In group one, the mean tympanic membrane healing times for tympanic membrane perforations receiving platelet-rich plasma and controls were respectively 10.2 ± 2.1 and 13.0 ± 2.9 days (mean ± standard deviation). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In group two, histopathological evaluation of tympanic membrane perforation healing at days three, seven, 14 and 28 did not reveal any statistically significant difference, individually or within the four groups as a whole.Conclusion: These findings suggest that earlier healing of tympanic membrane perforations occurred in the platelet-rich plasma group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that platelet-rich plasma is effective in accelerating tympanic membrane perforation healing, and that it may be effective in human subjects, particularly as it is an autologous material.

The present study describes the pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis in 9 lambs that died in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in Samsun, Turkey. In all the heart samples tested, ELISA and sequencing for phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus, namely O/TUR/Samsun/05, was associated with the PanAsia pandemic strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O. The lambs had myocardial lesions but no typical vesicular lesions. In situ reverse transcription showed that many cardiomyocytes and some interstitial cells were positive for FMDV type O. Inflammatory infiltration, hyaline degeneration, and necrosis of sheets of myocytes were observed. The cellular infiltrates were mononuclear cells, including many lymphocytes, macrophages, a few plasma cells, and neutrophils. Major histocompatibility complex Class II+ dendritic and mononuclear cells, γδ T cells, CD172A+ and CD14+ macrophages and monocytes, and IgM+ B cells were detected mainly in the infected hearts. Inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) was seen mostly in areas of inflammation infiltrated by large numbers of cells. Of the 2 α-subunits of integrin known to be used as receptors by FMDV in epithelial tissues, CD49e (integrin α5) was detected in the membranes of cardiac myocytes with intercalated discs, but CD51 (integrin αV) was not detected in cardiac myocytes from infected or normal lambs. Interstitial and inflammatory cells were positive for both integrin subunits. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive signal was detected in the nuclei of both cardiac myocytes and interstitial cells from infected lambs. These findings suggest that the iNOS expressed by inflammatory cells in lesions may have a deleterious effect on cardiac myocytes in these lesions.

A double aortic arch is described in an 8-week-old female Siamese cat. In this case a vascular ring anomaly consistent with a double aortic arch is described in a cat. Stridor and dysphagia were noted in the cat. Radiography showed an esophageal dilation, with constriction at the fifth intercostal space. At necropsy, the esophagus and trachea were constricted at the base of the heart. The cause of the constriction of both the esophagus and trachea was a vascular ring formed by well-developed right and left aortic arches. The ascending aorta divided into two asymmetrical arches. The right aortic arch was larger than the left. The origin of the major arteries from the aortic arches were anomalous.

This report describes a retrobulbar rhabdomyosarcoma in a 7-year-old male budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). The bird was presented with orbital distension and exophthalmia of the left eye and died during surgery. Necropsy revealed a tan to grey retrobulbar mass compressing all components of the left eye with obscured vision. In histopathological examination, the mass was composed of sheets of spindle-shaped cells with pleomorphic nuclei, numerous bizarre mitotic figures and mononucleated or multinucleated giant cells and also typically strap cells. Neoplastic cells had no cross-striations in sections stained by phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin. The tumour cells did not invade surrounding tissues, including the retina, and there was no metastasis to other organs. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells were positive for desmin, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin, but were negative for S-100 protein and pancytokeratin. Rhabdomyosarcome rétrobulbaire chez une perruche (Melopsittacus undulatus) Cet article décrit un Rhabdomyosarcome rétrobulbaire chez une perruche (Melopsittacus undulatus), un mâle âgé de 7 ans. L'animal a été soumis avec une distension orbitale et une exophtalmie de l'œil gauche; il est mort au cours de l'opération. L'autopsie a révélé une masse rétrobulbaire hâlée grisâtre comprimant tous les composants de l'œil gauche, rendant la vision obscure. A l'examen histopathologique, la masse était composée de feuillets de cellules fusiformes pointues avec des noyaux pléomorphiques, de nombreuses figures mitotiques bizarres et des cellules géantes mono ou multi nucléées et aussi des cellules typiquement en lanière. Les sections des cellules néoplastiques colorées à hématoxyline acide phosphotungstique ne présentaient pas de striations croisées. Les cellules tumorales n'envahissaient pas les tissus alentour, incluant la rétine, et il n'y avait pas de métastase au niveau des autres organes. Sur un plan histochimique, les cellules tumorales étaient positives vis-à-vis de la Desmine, la Vimentine et l'Alpha Actin smooth muscle, mais négatives vis-à-vis de la Protéine S-100 et de la Pan cytokératine. Retrobulbäres Rhabdomyosarkom in einem Wellensittich (Melopsittacus undulatus) In diesem Bericht wird ein retrobulbäres Rhabdomyosarkom bei einem 7 Jahre alten männlichen Wellensittich (Melopsittacus undulatus) beschrieben. Der Vogel wurde mit orbitaler Ausdehnung und Exophthalmus des linken Auges vorgestellt und verstarb während der Operation. Bei der Sektion wurde eine bräunlich-graue retrobulbäre Masse festgestellt, die alle Teile des linken Auges komprimierte und das Sehvermögen stark beinträchtigte. Die histologische Untersuchung ließ erkennen, dass die Masse aus Schichten von spindelförmigen Zellen mit pleomorphen Zellkernen, zahlreichen bizarren mitotischen Figuren und ein- oder vielkernigen Riesenzellen sowie auch typisch-gestreiften Zellen bestand. Die neoplastischen Zellen wiesen in der Phosphorwolframsäure-Hämatoxilin-Färbung keine Querstreifung auf. Die Tumorzellen hatten sich nicht ins Nachbargewebe, auch nicht in die Retina, ausgebreitet und es gab keine Metastasen in anderen Organen. Immunhistochemisch waren die Zellen positiv für Desmin, Vimentin und alpha-Aktin der glatten Muskeln, aber negativ für S-100-Protein und Panzytokeratin. Rabdomiosarcoma retrobulbar en un periquito (Melopsittacus undulatus) Este artículo describe un rabdomiosarcoma retrobulbar en un periquito macho de 7 años de edad (Melopsittacus undulatus). Este pájaro se presentó con distensión orbital y exoftalmia del ojo izquierdo y murió durante la cirugía. La necropsia reveló una masa retrobulbar de color gris mate que comprimía todos los componentes del ojo izquierdo con visión oscura. Al examen histopatológico, la masa se componía de haces de células fusiformes con núcleo pleomórfico, numerosa figuras mitóticas alteradas, células gigantes mono y multinucleadas y también células strap. Las células neoplásicas no presentaron estriaciones en los cortes teñidos con hematoxilina. Las células tumorales no invadían los tejidos circundantes, incluída la retina, y no se observó metástasis en otros órganos. Inmunohistoquímicamente, las células tumorales eran positivas a desmina, vimentina y actina de músculo liso alfa, pero negativas a la proteína S-100 y a la pancitoqueratina.

Small intestinal submucosa was evaluated as a bioscaffold candidate for periosteum-derived osteoblasts, and its suitability as a bone replacement material for cranial defects was investigated. In the in vitro phase, osteoblasts were expanded in osteogenic medium and were then seeded onto small intestinal submucosa. To confirm osteoblast phenotype, they were tested for alkaline phosphatase, collagen type 1, and calcium expression. In the in vivo phase, calvarial critical-sized defects were created in 35 rats. The defects were either left untreated for surgical control (group 1), treated with small intestinal submucosa alone (group 2), treated with an osteoblast-embedded construct (group 3), or treated with an autogenous bone graft (group 4). The results were evaluated 12 weeks after surgery with radiopacity measurements and with stereologic analysis. Periosteal cells grew successfully in vitro. The percentage radiopaque area at the defect was measured to be 42, 74, 76, and 89 percent for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The pixel intensity of the same site was 36.4, 48.1, 47.5, and 54.5 for the same groups, respectively. Tissue-engineered constructs did not achieve enough bone formation and calcification to be effective as autogenous bone grafts and were not superior to the small intestinal submucosa alone. However, both small intestinal submucosa and cell-seeded small intestinal submucosa showed significantly more bone formation compared with the untreated group. Although it was demonstrated that the small intestinal submucosa itself has osteogenic properties, it was not significantly increased by adding periosteum-derived osteoblasts to it. The osteogenic properties of small intestinal submucosa are promising, and its role as a scaffold should be investigated further.