Collagen is an endogenous fluorophore that accounts for about 70% of all proteins of human skin, so it can be an optical marker for structural abnormalities in tissues registered by laser fluorescent diagnostics in vivo. Using the examples of such abnormalities as scars, scleroderma and basal cell carcinoma, this study shows the differences between coefficients of fluorescent contrast k_f(λ) of abnormalities from the ones for healthy tissues at fluorescent excitation wavelength 360–380 nm. It is shown that scars and dysplasia are characterized by reduced values of k_f(λ) for collagen. Due to high turbidity and phase heterogeneousness as well as variation of parameters of blood microcirculation and concentrations of other related chromophores, there is no mathematical model that precisely calculates the concentration of collagen in tissues only with the use of the value of fluorescent signal intensity. So, probably, the best marker of the pathological process is a comprehensive representation of k_f(λ) for all endogenous fluorophores, i.e., for all used visible wavelengths. In this case identification of abnormal tissues is quite possible by detecting some deviations of coefficients k_f(λ) for the optically identical and symmetrical regions of the human body.

The problem of the medical application of non-invasive (The specially devised multifunctional laser diagnostic system “LAKK-M” was used as a diagnostic instrument in the majority of studies in MONIKI, allowing a combination of methods, such as non-invasive medical spectrophotometry in the form of laser fluorescence spectroscopy, laser Doppler flowmetry, tissue reflectance oximetry, etc. The system was used in both the experiments on laboratory animals, and for treatment of patients in different clinics of the institute.Within the last decade, extensive scientific data has been obtained which has opened up the possibility of using non-invasive medical spectrophotometryMethods of complex non-invasive medical spectrophotometry appear to be an efficient tool in practical medicine for differential diagnostics of a number of diseases and pathologies, as well as for monitoring and prediction of the treatment outcome. At the same time, they also create an important perspective for gaining novel and fundamental knowledge about the blood microcirculation system which was not available earlier due to the absence of the diagnostic technology allowing information to be obtained

The physical foundations and methodological issues of nuclear activation methods (radiotracers and neutron activation analysis) have been discussed in regards to a study of assimilation of a number of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) by living organisms and their distribution in organs and excretion. The methods of activation of NPs within a colloidal solution or biological samples have been analyzed. Advantages of the radioactive tracer method and neutron activation analysis have been compared. A brief overview of a number of successful works using nuclear methods for studying the interaction of silver, gold, selenium, and zinc and titanium oxide NPs with living organisms has been given. As an example, a description and results of the experiment on long-term (28 days) injection of silver NPs into laboratory mice have been given. The abilities of neutron activation analysis to estimate the mass of residual blood (and the NPs in it) in biological samples and to confirm the penetration of the NPs through the blood-brain barrier in quantitative terms have been demonstrated.

The light scattering by a rough surface with random Gaussian fluctuations of roughness is studied in the case of coarse roughness, whose parameters—mean deviation and correlation length—are much greater than the radiation wavelength. Closed analytical solutions of the problem are presented in terms of radiophysics for the boundary conditions of an ideal conductor and the impedance boundary conditions. These solutions are formulated in terms of a photometric scattering indicatrix. The possibility of their application to the problems of photometry and theory of radiative transfer and scattering in turbid media, in particular, in simulation of the process of boundary scattering of laser radiation by rough surfaces of biological tissues and media, is discussed.

Разработан первый в мире прототип автоматизированного прибора-тонометра с выносными оптическими датчиками для комплексной оценки параметров центральной и периферической гемодинамики у пациентов с сахарным диабетом. Вместе с процедурой измерения артериального давления стандартным осциллометрическим методом, за счет сочетанных оптических неинвазивных технологий с использованием окклюзионного и теплового функциональных нагрузочных тестов на систему микроциркуляции, прибор позволяет регистрировать и оценивать индекс эластичности сосудов, интегральную скорость распространения пульсовой волны, базовый тонус сосудов микроциркуляторного русла, эндотелиальную регуляцию тонуса и реактивность сосудистого...