Animal pollination is economically, socially, and culturally relevant. It is responsible for ensuring the production of biofuels, fibers, medicines, building materials, and mainly for the global production of food. The zoochorous pollination syndrome is widely discussed because of the coevolution between plants and animals; so, the pollinators have bioecological characteristics that allow several plants, mainly angiosperms, to complete their reproductive cycles. Thus, this work aims to discuss and synthesize information on studies related to the importance of pollination for global food production and the guarantee of nutritional security, one of the Objectives of the Sustainable Development goals (OSD). A narrative literary review was carried out to obtain data. Pollinators are needed to achieve several OSD, such as Zero Hunger and Life on Earth. Practical activities should be implemented to increase the survival and establishment of these organisms. The commitment of different sectors of society to pollinators is fundamental, and the lack of pollinators leads to losses in productivity and environmental quality.

The transformation of the Cerrado biome into areas with different levels of activity and anthropic pressure negatively impacts biodiversity. This study evaluated the response of the dung beetle community to changes in land use systems: forests, rubber trees, pastures, and soybeans. Five areas were sampled in each system with a minimum distance of 2 km between them. Dung beetles were collected using pitfall traps, and both local (vegetation density, basal area of wooded vegetation, fractal dimension, litter height, electrical conductance (mV), water content in the soil (%), and soil resistance (kPa)) and landscape-related environmental variables (land use and overall composition and configuration of the landscape surrounding the sampling areas) were measured. In total, 2294 specimens were collected and distributed among 34 species and 18 genera. There was no significant difference in abundance between the systems, but differences in the number of species and biomass were observed between forest and soybean systems, as well as a separation of communities between the tree-covered (forest and rubber tree) and open (pasture and soybean) systems. Density and arboreal basal area were the main predictive variables for the diversity of the dung beetle community, reinforcing the importance of vegetation cover for maintaining diversity, whereas local and landscape-related variables influenced community composition.

RESUMO O estudo das modificações que um determinado ambiente sofreu com o uso e ocupação do espaço é fundamental para a compreensão das características encontradas atualmente na paisagem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização física de um sistema aquático urbano, em uma perspectiva espaçotemporal, para sustentar um estudo descritivo. A descrição é baseada em imagens do Google Earth no período de 2002 a 2019. Os dados de morfometria da bacia hidrográfica foram obtidos desse programa. Foram calculados o volume dos reservatórios, a profundidade máxima, a profundidade média, o índice de desenvolvimento de margem (Ds) e o índice de desenvolvimento de volume (Dv). A bacia possui formato circular, baixo relevo e extensão toda impermeabilizada, o que favorece o escoamento superficial e subsuperficial diretamente para o ponto mais baixo da bacia. Os três reservatórios foram enquadrados como sistemas rasos. O Ds mostrou que o reservatório 3 possui formato que tende a um círculo e o reservatório 1 possui forma triangular. O Dv, com o mapa batimétrico, mostra que os reservatórios 1 e 2 possuem forma levemente côncava com tendência ao formato cônico e o reservatório 3 apresenta formato cônico. Os ambientes aquáticos estudados são resultados de barramento de um rio de primeira ordem que está localizado na região mais baixa da bacia, a qual direciona a água da chuva para o parque e causa enchentes em razão da completa impermeabilização pelo asfalto. Por não possuir vegetação ciliar, esses ambientes estão susceptíveis a processos de assoreamento e eutrofização.

Fallow is a practice in which the soil is left uncultivated for a period of time and is used less due to the pressure on agricultural land, which impairs soil regeneration. The cultivation of legumes, such as peanuts, is a viable alternative that leads to an improvement in the soil chemistry and grain capacity. Despite their importance, there are gaps regarding the use of peanuts for land reclamation and their importance for enzymatic activity in the soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of straw incorporation and peanut cultivation in fallow land on the soil’s chemical and biological quality and to determine whether the introduction of these elements contributes to an improvement in the soil fertility parameters and enzymatic activity. To achieve these objectives, experimental plots were established in fallow soils with different amounts of straw (0; 5 and 10 t ha⁻¹), with and without herbicide application and with peanut incorporation. The soil chemistry and enzymatic activity, plant biometrics and productivity were evaluated. The results showed that the straw treatment resulted in better plant development and increased productivity by up to 80%. The pH, soil organic matter, soil organic carbon, P, K, sum of bases and cation exchange capacity variables increased significantly with the presence of the plant and the incorporation of straw compared to uncovered soil, by 10%, 86%, 80%, 68%, 42%, 38% and 27%, respectively. For the enzymatic activity, the values showed that straw and peanut management affects the higher activity of β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase, with differences of 75 and 74% compared to the control. The incorporation of straw and peanuts in fallow land improves the chemical and biological quality of the soil. The use of herbicides has no effect on the soil dynamics or peanut development in the presence of straw and the presence of peanuts provides a better soil quality index and increases the β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase activity in the soil.

To reduce the impacts caused by the constant use of the same active ingredient, a new genetically modified soybean cultivar has been developed for resistance to the herbicides 2,4-D choline salt, glyphosate, and glufosinate ammonium. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides applied at the V3 and V6 stages on the development and productivity of Enlist E3™ soybeans over two growing seasons. The treatments were: 2,4-D choline salt (780 g a.e./ha-1), glyphosate (820 g a.e./ha-1), 2,4-D choline salt + glyphosate (1600 g a.e./ha-1), glufosinate (400 g a.e./ha-1), and glufosinate + 2,4-D choline salt (400 + 780 g a.e./ha-1) and double the dose of each herbicide. Considering the results obtained in the 2017/2018 season, the treatments negatively affected the crop development only in terms of insertion height and number of pods, with the double doses negatively influencing grain yield and plant height. In the 2018/2019 season, the treatments negatively affected only plant height and productivity when double the recommended doses were used. Therefore, Enlist E3™ soybeans were not affected in most of the evaluated characteristics by the application of herbicides when the recommended doses for the crop were used. Key words: Glycine max, herbicides, phytotoxicity, tolerance, productivity. To reduce the impacts caused by the constant use of the same active ingredient, a new genetically modified soybean cultivar has been developed for resistance to the herbicides 2,4-D choline salt, glyphosate, and glufosinate ammonium. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides applied at the V3 and V6 stages on the development and productivity of Enlist E3™ soybeans over two growing seasons. The treatments were: 2,4-D choline salt (780 g a.e./ha-1), glyphosate (820 g a.e./ha-1), 2,4-D choline salt + glyphosate (1600 g a.e./ha-1), glufosinate (400 g a.e./ha-1), and glufosinate + 2,4-D choline salt (400 + 780 g a.e./ha-1) and double the dose of each herbicide. Considering the results obtained in the 2017/2018 season, the treatments negatively affected the crop development only in terms of insertion height and number of pods, with the double doses negatively influencing grain yield and plant height. In the 2018/2019 season, the treatments negatively affected only plant height and productivity when double the recommended doses were used. Therefore, Enlist E3™ soybeans were not affected in most of the evaluated characteristics by the application of herbicides when the recommended doses for the crop were used. Key words: Glycine max, herbicides, phytotoxicity, tolerance, productivity.

The transformation of the Cerrado biome into areas with different levels of activity and anthropic pressure negatively impacts biodiversity. This study evaluated the response of the dung beetle community to changes in land-use systems: forests, rubber trees, pastures, and soybeans. Five areas were sampled in each system with a minimum distance of 2 km between them. Dung beetles were collected using pitfall traps, and both local and landscape-related environmental variables were measured. In total, 2,294 specimens were collected and distributed among 34 species and 18 genera. There was no significant difference in abundance between the systems, but differences in the number of species and biomass were observed between Forest and Soybean, as well as a separation of communities between the tree-covered (Forest and Rubber Tree) and open (Pasture and Soybean) systems. Density and arboreal basal area were the main predictive variables for the diversity of the dung beetle community, reinforcing the importance of vegetation cover for maintaining diversity, whereas local and landscape-related variables influenced community composition.