To study the dynamic mechanical properties and energy consumption of fissured sandstone with different dip angles under impact load, impact compression tests were conducted on seven groups of and intact and fractured sandstone specimens with different dip angles using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) device with 0.3 MPa air pressure. The influence of dip fissures on the crushing shape, dynamic compressive strength, dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic peak strain, dynamic average strain rate, dynamic stress-strain curve, and energy consumption of rock specimens was systematically analyzed. The results show that the 45° fissure angle is the best fragile angle according to the failure mode and dynamic compressive strength of the specimen and that difference in specimen failure modes specimens is attributed to the existence of fractures with different dip angles. The dynamic elastic modulus reaches the minimum when the fissure angle is 45° and the maximum when the fissure angle is 90°. The dynamic peak strain is the lowest and minimal influence of fissure angle on the average strain rate of the specimen is presented when the fissure angle is 45°. From the stress-strain curves, the two specimen ends are most vulnerable to the relative sliding and dislocation of the lateral fissure angle during impact compression when the fissure angle is 45°. With stable incident energy in the test, a prominent relationship exists between the reflected energy, transmission energy, and energy consumption and the fissure angles. In addition, the fissure angle exhibits a prominent influence on reflected energy and the energy consumption of the specimen when the fissure angle ranges from 45° to 60°.

To investigate the dynamic splitting tensile mechanical property of limestone under coupled static and dynamic state, the dynamic split tensile tests of limestone under one‐dimensional coupled static and dynamic load with different strain rates were performed with the help of modified split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) equipment. The dynamic splitting tensile mechanical property and energy dissipation characteristic under two stress states were also compared in this research. Test results indicated that the dynamic tensile strength of the limestone specimen increased with the increase of average strain rate, exhibiting an obvious strain rate effect. In addition, dynamic tensile strength under uniaxial state was higher than that under one‐dimensional coupled static and dynamic load state under the same test condition. Moreover, the deformation modulus increased with increasing average strain rate under uniaxial state, while it decreased with increasing average strain rate under coupled static and dynamic state. Both the reflected energy and absorbed energy linearly increased with increasing incident energy. The preload in the radial direction could increase the reflected energy and decrease the absorbed energy. Moreover, the transmitted energy with preload state was slightly lower than that under uniaxial state. Finally, the dynamic tensile strength of limestone specimen increased as a power function with increasing absorbed energy.

To study the effect of high temperature on the dynamic mechanical properties and energy evolution characteristic of limestone specimens, the basic physical parameters of limestone specimens that cool naturally after experiencing high temperatures of room temperature (25°C), 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C were tested. In addition, compression tests with 6 impact loading conditions were conducted using SHPB device. The changes of basic physical properties of limestone before and after temperature were analyzed, and the relationship among dynamic characteristic parameters, energy evolution characteristics, and temperature was discussed. Test results indicated that, with the increase of temperature, the surface color of specimen changed from gray‐black to gray‐white, and its volume increased, while the mass, density, and P‐wave velocity of specimen decreased. The dynamic compressive stress‐strain curve of limestone specimens after different high‐temperature effects could be divided into three stages: elasticity stage, yield stage, and failure stage. Failure mode of specimen was in the form of spalling axial splitting, and the degree of fragmentation increased with the increase of the temperature and incident energy. With the increase of the temperature, the reflection energy, the absorption energy, the dynamic compressive strength, and dynamic elastic modulus of rock decreased, while its transmission energy, the dynamic peak strain, and strain rate increased. The dynamic compressive strength, dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic strain, and strain rate of limestone specimens all increased with the increase of incident energy, showing a quadratic function relationship.

To investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of water-saturated fissure rock at different strain rates, prefabricated sandstone specimens with a 45° dip angle were treated with water saturation and the impact compression test was performed with a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test device at different impact pressures. The results show that the clusters of dynamic stress–strain curves of water-saturated and natural sandstone specimens with a 45° dip angle of prefabricated fissures are basically similar under different impact air pressures. A distinct strain rate effect was observed for dynamic strain and dynamic compressive strength, both of which increased with increasing strain rate. From the failure pattern of the specimen, it can be seen that cracks appeared from the tip of the prefabricated fissure under axial stress, spreading to both ends and forming wing cracks and anti-wing cracks associated with shear cracks. As the strain rate increased, the energy dissipation density of the specimen gradually increased, and the macroscopic cracks cross-expanded with each other. The fracture form of the specimen showed a small block distribution, and the average particle size of the specimen gradually decreased. The specimen crushing energy dissipation density was negatively correlated with fracture size, reflecting a certain rate correlation. The sandstone fragments’ fractal dimension increases with the increase in crushing energy dissipation density, and the fractal dimension may be applied as a quantitative index to characterize sandstone crushing.

The tensile failure of rocks is a common failure mode in rock engineering. Many studies have been conducted on the tensile strength and failure mode of rocks after high-temperature treatment under dynamic loading. However, research on the effects of high temperature on the dynamic splitting tensile characteristics of sandstone at actual high temperatures is lacking. To investigate the dynamic tensile characteristics of rocks at actual high temperatures, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test apparatus and high-temperature environment box were used to perform dynamic splitting tensile tests under six striker velocities for sandstone specimens at 25°C–800°C. The dynamic splitting tensile strength, radial strain, average strain rate, and failure mode of sandstone under different test conditions were investigated. Test results revealed that the brittleness of sandstone specimens is enhanced at 200°C and 400°C, but slight ductility is observed at 600°C and 800°C. The strain rate effect of dynamic tensile strength is closely related to temperature. When the striker velocity exceeds 2.3 m/s, the dynamic radial strain first decreases and then increases with rising temperature. A quadratic polynomial relationship between the dynamic radial strain and temperature was observed. The temperature effect on the average strain rate is strong at low striker velocity and weak at high striker velocity. In the dynamic splitting tensile tests, high-temperature sandstone specimens are split into two semicylinders along the radial loading direction.

In order to study the effect of high temperature cycling on the physical and mechanical properties of rock materials, a box-type resistance furnace was used to conduct high temperature cycling at 400°C 10 times on sandstone specimens in coal mine, and the impact compression tests under 8 loading rates were carried out using a split Hopkinson bar (SHPB) device. Results showed that, with the increase of cycle times, the gray white sandstone specimen gradually showed reddish brown spots, and the volume of specimen increased, while the mass, density, and longitudinal wave velocity decreased; in addition, the volume increase rate, the mass decrease rate, the density decrease rate, and the longitudinal wave velocity decreased rate with cycle times showed quadratic function relationship. The dynamic compressive stress-strain curve of sandstone specimens subjected to high temperature cyclic action under impact load was obviously different from that under normal temperature. The dynamic elastic modulus was obviously larger than that under static load. The failure mode of dynamic and static specimens showed brittleness and ductility characteristics, respectively. In the SHPB test, the impact pressure, reflected energy, transmitted energy, and absorbed energy of the rock specimen all increased linearly with the increase of incident energy. The dynamic compressive strength, elastic modulus, and strain rate of sandstone specimens were positively correlated with the incident energy, while the dynamic strain showed negative correlation.