The use of externally-bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets has been successfully used in the repair and strengthening of both the shear and flexural capacities of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, slabs and columns since the 1990s. However, the externally-bonded FRP reinforcements still present many disadvantages, such as poor performance in elevated temperature and fire, lack of permeability and strength degradation when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. To remedy such drawbacks, the fiber-/fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) has been recently introduced. The FRCM system consists of a fiber mesh or grid embedded in a cementitious bonding material. The present research investigates the flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with FRCM. The experimental testing included eight large-scale concrete beams, 150 mm × 250 mm × 2400 mm, internally reinforced with steel bars and strengthened in flexure with FRCM. The investigated parameters were the internal steel reinforcement ratio and the FRCM systems. Two steel reinforcement ratios of 0.18 and 0.36 of the balanced reinforcement ratio, as well as three FRCM systems using glass, carbon and PBO fibers were investigated. Test results are presented in terms of load-deflection, load-strain and load-crack width relationships. The test results indicated that the PBO FRCM significantly increased the ultimate capacity of the strengthened RC beams with both low and moderate internal reinforcement ratios compared to the glass and carbon FRCM.

Using cross-ties to connect a vulnerable cable with its neighbor(s) and forming a cable network is a common countermeasure to suppress bridge stay cable vibrations. An effective design of cross-tie solution should provide an optimum combination of cross-tie installation location, stiffness, and number of cross-tie lines to maximize the network in-plane frequency and structural damping while minimizing the number of excited local modes. However, the mechanics associated with cable networks is not as simple as their geometrical appearance. In particular, the addition of an extra line of cross-ties to an existing cable network would considerably increase the complexity of its structural behavior. While the effects of cross-tie position and stiffness on network response have been investigated in some existing studies, that associated with the number of cross-tie lines is scarce. For better understanding of how the dynamic behavior of a group of cables would be influenced when interconnected by differe...