This study identified two phenolic compounds in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruits: naringenin (first report in this species) and gallic acid. Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data (¹H-, ¹³C-NMR) and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A high content of phenolics (659.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample—Folin-Ciocalteau method) and total flavonoids (140.69 mg of rutin equivalents/g of sample—aluminum chloride method) were quantified in S. terebinthifolius, as well as high antioxidant activity (77.47%—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH method). The antihypertensive activity related to its phenolic content was investigated. After intravenous infusion in Wistar rats, these phenolics significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the systolic, median, and diastolic arterial pressures of individuals. The rotarod test was performed to determine the mechanism of action of the sample vasorelaxant effect. It was found that its action exceeded that of the positive control used (diazepam). This confirmed the vasodilatory activity exerted by S. terebinthifolius fruits is related to the phenolic compounds present in the plant, which are potent antioxidants and inhibit oxidative stress, mainly in the central nervous system.

The genus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) comprises more than 2000 species, mainly found in tropical and subtropical forests. Several studies have been conducted concerning their chemical compositions, showing that this genus is a potential source of alkaloids. At least 70 indole alkaloids have been identified from this genus so far. This review aimed to compile ¹³C-NMR data of alkaloids isolated from the genus Psychotria as well as describe the main spectral features of different skeletons.

Phytochemical investigation of Eugenia copacabanensis allowed for the isolation and identification of following compounds: β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-glucoside, eight triterpenes, (mixture of α- and β-amyrins, ursolic acid, 30-hydroxy-ursolic acid, betulin, friedelin, friedelan-3,4-lactone, and taraxerol), a mixture of three sesquiterpenes, (clovandiol, globulol, and viridiflorol), three flavonoids (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinoside, and quercetin), and a mixture of four coumaroyl esters (octacosanyl, heptacosanyl, hexacosanyl, and tetracosanyl coumarates). The structures of these compounds were assigned based on comparison with literature data and spectroscopic analysis, including analysis by two-dimensional NMR techniques. Total phenolic content and total flavonoids were evaluated. Antioxidant activities of methanol extracts and fractions were measured by the 1,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hidrazyl free radical scavenging assay

Two new triterpenes cycloartane-type, named 24-methylencycloartan-12-oxo-3β,22α-diol and trichiliol, were isolated from the leaves of Trichilia casaretti C. DC. together with three known triterpenes—24-methylencycloart-3β,22-diol, 22,25-dihydrocycloart-23(E)-en-3β-ol, and 22(R)-hydroxycycloart-24-en-3-ol. These compounds were characterized on the basis of their spectral data, mainly 1D (¹H and ¹³C) and 2D NMR (¹H-¹H-COSY, ¹H-¹H-NOESY, HMQC, HSQC, and HMBC), and mass spectra (EI-MS and HR-ESI-MS), also involving comparison with data from the literature.

O consumo de plantas medicinais tem apresentado um crescimento considerável em diversos países. Annona sylvatica, conhecida vulgarmente como araticum-do-mato, é uma frutífera empregada na medicina popular para baixar a pressão arterial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o perfil fitoquímico e avaliar a atividade antioxidante de extrato e frações de folhas de A. sylvatica. O extrato em etanol foi obtido por maceração e submetido à partição líquido-líquido para obtenção das frações em hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila. As principais classes de metabólitos secundários foram detectadas por prospecção fitoquímica, o teor de fenóis totais (FT) e a atividade antioxidante foram quantificados pelos testes de Folin-Dennis e ensaio da atividade sequestradora do radical DPPH, respectivamente. Através do coeficiente de Pearson, os teores de fenóis totais foram correlacionados com os valores de CE50 observados no ensaio do DPPH. A prospecção fitoquímica detectou a presença de flavonoides, saponinas, alcaloides e triterpenos/esteroides. A fração AcOET apresentou o maior teor de fenóis totais e maior atividade no ensaio do DPPH, com os valores de 84,0±4,4 mg EAG. g-1 e CE50 9,28 µg. mL-1, respectivamente. Observou-se uma forte correlação negativa entre o teor de FT e os valores de CE50, sugerindo que parte da atividade antioxidante observada está relacionada ao teor de FT. Os resultados sugerem que a araticum-do-mato é uma importante fonte de antioxidantes naturais.