Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), the promising technique, is getting attention for managing the traffic efficiently and making the road safe. The topographies and its vast applications varying from road safety, to the traffic management, payment service to infotainment. VANETs are characterized as a self-organized, distributed, highly mobile, dynamic topology, unconstrained power, computational and storage networks. The communication in VANET is performed in open-access environment which demands the security issues must be deal with utter importance. Security requirements includes authentication, availability, message confidentiality, message integrity, data availability, access control, privacy, message non-repudiation and real time guarantees of message delivery. In order to have a secure and efficient VANET infrastructure, an extensive overview of characteristics, challenges, security attacks and requirements must be dealt with. The prime objective of this paper is to provide a classification of security requirements, security characteristics and challenges.

In metro cities, the effective and efficient management of traffic is one of the most demanding and time taking tasks. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) provide unfailing, low-cost solutions for transportation systems with intelligence. VANET, a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), allows exchange of information among vehicles and/or roadside devices. VANET can be implemented in numerous application areas such as effective traffic management, safety, and user comfort for drivers as well as passengers. It provides phenomenal growth to both in industries and research communities. Secure mobility and handoff management are the most promising and challenging research issues in VANET. In this paper, we have introduced the security in intra domain mobility handoff in PMIPv6 for VANET. Existing intra handover schemes does not include the authentication cost while evaluating the total packet delivery cost for intra domain handoff. Our proposed scheme includes the authentication cost of an intra-domain handover for evaluating the total packet delivery cost of handover for next-generation mobility management protocols, which is PMIPv6 for the vehicular network. We have considered the vital parameters such as the number of MAGs, setup cost, binding update cost, unit transmission cost for analyzing the total packet delivery cost. Furthermore, a comparative study with authentication and without authentication cost for the considered parameters shows that our proposed scheme secures the handover process with slight variation in cost.

In VANET, mobility management and handover management are two of the most intriguing and challenging research topics. The existing mobility management infrastructures are unable to provide seamless secure mobility and handover management. It is very common in a vehicular network that when a vehicle roams between two domains, its reachability status may be compromised. The main reason for this is the higher handover latency and packet loss during the handover process. In the last decade, IP-based mobility protocols have been proposed for interoperable handover management systems. There has been a great deal of interest in providing IP multicast to mobile nodes such as vehicles, and numerous strategies have been put forth thus far. This research article proposes an IP multicast-enabled handover architecture for VANET in PMIPv6. Adding the IP multicast facility to the authentication server allows handover management that is both intra-domain and inter-domain, which originally was not supported by PMIPv6. This makes it possible for the IP service of a vehicle to maintain a connection from any location, without changing the earlier application. Additionally, a secure architecture with authentication capabilities built on top of PMIPv6 is suggested for VANET to address the authentication problem. Finally, the article compares the performance of the proposed architecture with that of the ones currently in use by varying several factors, including the vehicle’s density, the setup costs required, and the unit transmission costs on wired and wireless links, and it shows that our proposed solution ensures the handover process with a minimal cost change.