Several important synthesis pathways for metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were applied to determine how the synthesis methods and conditions affect the structure and adsorption capacity of the resulting samples. In the present work, three different synthesis routes were used to obtain copper trimesinate coordination polymer: Slow evaporation (A), solvothermal synthesis using a polyethylene glycol (PEG-1500) modulator (B), and green synthesis in water (C). This MOF was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and volumetric nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The samples have permanent porosity and a microporous structure with a large surface area corresponding to the adsorption type I. The obtained MOF was tested as a sorbent to remove organic dyes methylene blue (МВ), Congo red (CR) and methyl violet (MV) as examples. Dye adsorption followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the isotherm constants were determined. Thermodynamic parameters, such as changes in the free energy of adsorption (∆G⁰), enthalpy (∆H⁰), and entropy (∆S⁰), were calculated. Thermolysis of copper trimesinate leads to the formation of carbon materials Cu@C with a high purity.

This review provides an analysis of recent research data on the development of adsorbents for high-performance adsorbed natural gas storage systems. This is Part 1 of the review and describes the requirements for potential methane adsorbents. Carbon materials are shown to possess a variety of properties suitable for natural gas storage applications. The paper discusses various works focused on the generation and improvement of the adsorption properties of highly porous carbon materials, including activated carbons, carbon fibers, nanoporous spheres, and graphene-based composites. This discussion is strongly focused on methods employed to enhance the methane adsorption capacity of carbon adsorbents, particularly by developing their porous structure, functionalizing, increasing their density, and creating composites based on these adsorbents.

In technical applications, the accessible internal volume of nanotubes and their external surface area are the most important characteristics of SWCNT materials. These values were determined by various methods based on the nitrogen adsorption. A new reference material for the α _s -method has been proposed — the sample of pure SWCNTs without micropores. It has been shown that when choosing a sample of pure SWCNTs without micropores as the reference pattern, the t-method and the α _s -method provide with well-coincided results for the values of the micropore volume and the external specific surface area. Thus, these methods can be used for these values determination in SWCNT products. In contrast to these methods, the method of Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR-method) gives systematically increased values of micropore volumes and substantively understated values of SWCNT external specific surface area. This can be explained by strong energy heterogeneity of the surface of SWCNT bundles.

Mesoporous polymer networks were prepared via the cross-linking radical copolymerization of non-toxic hydrophilic N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDM) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ester methacrylate (PEGMMA) in bulk, using appropriate soluble and thermodynamically compatible macromolecular additives with a branched structure as porogens. The branched copolymers of various monomer compositions were obtained by radical copolymerization in toluene, controlled by 1-decanethiol, and these materials were characterized by a wide set of physical chemical methods. The specific surface areas and surface morphology of the polymer networks were determined by nitrogen low-temperature adsorption or Rose Bengal (RB) sorption, depending on the copolymer compositions and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of RB before and after its encapsulation into a branched VP copolymer were studied on a glassy carbon electrode and the interaction between these substances was observed. Quantum chemical modeling of RB-VP or RB-copolymer complexes has been carried out and sufficiently strong hydrogen bonds were found in these systems. The experimental and modeling data demonstrate the high potency of such mesoporous polymer networks as precursors of molecularly imprinted polymers for the recognition of fluorescent dyes as nanomarkers for biomedical practice.

This review discusses the challenges of the preparation and investigation of adsorbents for high-performance and safe operation of natural gas (methane) storage/delivery systems. Currently, researchers have been paying increasing attention to coordination polymers distinguished by developed surface, very high porosity, and adjustable porous structure. This part, Part 2, of the review provides an analysis of the current state of research on the development of methane adsorbents based on highly porous metal–organic and covalent organic framework materials, hybrid composites, and a number of other structures. Emphasis is placed on modification methods for these materials, their structural design, and fine-tuning of pore size for the most efficient use of their nanoporous space for methane storage.

A new para-aramid aerogel based on a polymer made by the reaction of terephthaloyl dichloride with 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-5-amine (PABI) is introduced. The aerogel readily bound Pd (+2) ions and was used as a hydrogenation catalyst in some industrially actual reactions. The new material, which did not contain p-phenylenediamine moieties, was prepared in two form factors: bulk samples and spherical pellets of 700–900 μm in diameter. Aerogels were synthesized from 1% or 5% solutions of PABI in N,N-dimethylacetamide via gelation with acetone or isopropanol and had a density of 0.057 or 0.375 g/cm³ depending on the concentration of the starting PABI solution. The specific surface area of the obtained samples was 470 or 320 m²/g. Spherical pellets containing Pd were prepared from a solution of PdCl₂ in PABI and were used as heterogeneous catalysts for the gas-phase hydrogenation of unsaturated organic compounds presenting the main types of industrially important substrates: olefins, acetylenes, aromatics, carbonyls, and nitriles. Catalytic hydrogenation of gaseous hexene-1, hexyne-3, cyclohexene, and acrylonitrile C=C bond proceeded with a 99% conversion at ambient pressure, but the catalyst failed to reduce acetone at 150 °C and benzene and ethyl acetate even at 200 °C. The only product of acrylonitrile hydrogenation was propionitrile. The prepared catalysts showed high selectivity, which is important for the chemistry of complex organic compounds.