This study was carried out to assess the effect of using pasture combined with total mixed ration (TMR) on milk production and composition, fatty acid (FA) profiles, fat-soluble antioxidant content, and total milk antioxidant capacity (TAC). In addition, the effect of milk pasteurization and storage at 2 °C for 4 days, lipophilic antioxidants and TAC were assessed. Two homogeneous groups of Jersey cows (n = 8) were constituted, which were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments: TMR (without access to pasture), or partial mixed diet (pTMR: grazing 8 h/day + TMR indoors). To establish FA profiles and lipophilic antioxidants’ changes in milk during the grazing period, in case of the pTMR group the experimental period was spilt in three grazing periods: P₁ (May), P₂ (June), and P₃ (June/July). Milk yielded from cows having limited access on pasture (pTMR diet) showed an improved FA profile, with higher concentrations of FAs considered benefic for human health (vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), omega-3 FA (n-3 FA)) (p < 0.01) and a lower concentration of FAs with hypercholesterolemiant potential (C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0) (p < 0.05), compared to that of the TMR diet. This change in FA profile was correlated with improved sanogenous lipid indices of milk fat (n-6/n-3 FA atherogenic index and thrombogenic index). Milk yielded during the P₁ grazing period had higher concentrations of VA, CLA, and n-3 FA (p < 0.05) and lower concentrations of C14:0 and C16:0 (p < 0.01); it exhibited the best values for the main sanogenous fat lipid indices of fat. Moreover, pTMR milk showed a higher α-tocopherol, retinol, and β-carotene content (p < 0.05), positively correlated with TAC values in milk (P₁ ˃ P₂ ˃ P₃). By comparison, cows fed using the TMR diet yielded a higher quantity of milk (p < 0.05), but a lower fat and protein content (p < 0.01), and also a higher saturated FAs and n-6 FA content (p < 0.05) together with a lower concentration of lipophilic antioxidants in milk. Thermal treatment showed no effect on α-tocopherol and retinol content in milk, but their concentrations decreased during the storage, at the same time a TAC decrease. The results of this study prove the positive effect of using pasture combined with TMR on FA profiles, milk antioxidant content, and antioxidant capacity, with beneficial effects on nutrition and health in humans.

Grasslands constitute one of the largest terrestrial biomes, providing essential ecosystem services such as biodiversity preservation, food production, and climate change mitigation. Globally, the desertification and degradation of grasslands have been accelerated by intensified land use and climate change. It is crucial to conserve and restore grasslands to address climate and biodiversity challenges. However, due to their diverse nature and undervalued benefits for humans, grasslands have often been overlooked in terms of preservation, conservation, and restoration compared to forests. In sustainable agriculture, intercropping grasses with legumes can enhance crop nutritional quality, increase productivity, and impact soil microbiological activity, ultimately leading to higher yields from subsequent crops. Including forage legumes is essential to improve both the quantity and quality of feed, which is crucial for livestock farmers aiming to enhance animal performance. One practical strategy to boost production, protein supply, herbage value, and species diversity in grasslands is the incorporation of forage legumes and herbs. This review examines the impact of grass–legume intercropping on soil nitrogen levels, species recruitment, and forage productivity, as well as the imperatives and opportunities for transforming agriculture and how grasslands respond to global changes.

A ten-week study was conducted to investigate the effects of the dietary inclusion of HSC as a source of PUFAs together with a natural source of antioxidants such as DT or DTP on the performance of laying hens and egg quality, as well as the lipid profile, antioxidant content and oxidative stability of egg yolk before and after storage. A total of 96 laying hens (aged between 28 and 37 weeks) were divided into three groups of 32 birds each (eight replicate cages, four birds per cage) and were assigned randomly the following dietary treatments: a standard corn–soybean meal diet (C), a diet containing 20% hempseed cake and 4% dried whole tomato (HT) and a diet containing 20% hempseed cake and 4% dried tomato pomace (HTP). The incorporation of HSC and tomato waste (DT and DTP) into the diet of hens caused increases in feed intake (p < 0.05) and yolk color score without changing egg production, egg weight or feed conversion ratio (FCR). The HT and HTP diets ensured a lower content (p < 0.05) of cholesterol in the egg yolk but a higher content (p < 0.001) of n-3 FAs, especially of ALA (α-linolenic acid, 18:3n-3), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), which allowed for an increase in the hypo-/hypercholesterolemic FA ratio and a reduction in the n-6/n-3 FA ratio and TI (thrombogenicity index) value compared to those of C eggs. In addition, the inclusion of DT or DTP in the diet of laying hens increased the antioxidant content in the yolk, which led to an increase in the oxidative stability of the yolk lipids, evidenced by a decrease in the concentrations of MDA (malondialdehyde) in fresh eggs and those stored for 30 days at 4 °C. DTP exerted the most desirable effects because the egg yolk had the most intense color, the highest contents of n-3 FAs and natural antioxidants and the best oxidative stability of yolk lipids before and after egg storage. It was concluded that the simultaneous enrichment of the diet of laying hens with n-3 FAs and natural antioxidants (carotenoids, tocopherols and phenols), in addition to improving the color of the yolk, leads to eggs with a higher content of n-3 FAs and antioxidants, improved antioxidant activity and better PUFA stability during egg storage.

Sustainable potato cultivation in hot, high‐light regions such as Southern Punjab, Pakistan, requires identifying genotypes with efficient photosynthetic systems. High temperatures and irradiance often reduce productivity by triggering oxidative stress and limiting photosynthesis. This study evaluated growth, photosynthesis, yield, and biochemical responses in 15 advanced potato genotypes under such conditions. Genotype BD1310‐1 showed greater performance with the highest plant height (51.5 cm), leaf area index (1.47), crop growth rate (0.43 g m ⁻² day ⁻¹ ), quantum yield of Photosystem II (Φ _II ; 0.75), and tuber yield (21.5 t ha ⁻¹ ), along with the lowest oxidative stress indicators. BD1319‐2 had the highest number of stems plant ⁻¹ (5.3), BD1311‐4 showed maximum photosynthetically active radiation absorption (430 μmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹ ), and BD1335‐4 had the highest linear electron flow (209 μmol electrons m ⁻² s ⁻¹ ). Principal component analysis grouped traits into positively and negatively correlated clusters. Traits such as LAI, Φ _II , crop growth rate, and tuber yield were positively associated with photosynthetic efficiency, whereas oxidative stress markers were negatively correlated. The findings suggest that oxidative markers reflect stress, not yield potential. In conclusion, BD1310‐1, BD1319‐2, BD1311‐4, and BD1335‐4 demonstrated potential as climate‐resilient cultivars suitable for high‐temperature (> 40°C) and high‐irradiance (> 2000 μmol m ⁻² s ⁻¹ ) environments.

This study examines a range of aspects relating to the projected waste generation in Bihor County, Romania from 2020 to 2040, focusing on key milestones set for 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, and 2040. The analysis incorporates socio-economic, macroeconomic, and demographic factors, along with household income, economic activities, and waste composition, in order to obtain accurate projections. Furthermore, this study evaluates the current state of waste management, identifies deficiencies, and proposes targeted objectives. The assessment methodology considers targets such as increasing waste reuse and recycling rates, reducing biodegradable waste landfilling, enhancing energy recovery, and improving separate waste collection systems. Three alternative waste management strategies are analyzed, including a “zero” alternative (i.e., maintaining the current system) and two investment-driven alternatives. The evaluation integrates both quantitative criteria—such as financial viability and environmental impacts—and qualitative factors, including market risk and adherence to circular economy principles. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study offers a robust foundation for strategic decision-making in the context of sustainable waste management and the efficient implementation of waste treatment practices in Bihor County.

A two‐year field trial was carried out to identify the most effective concentration of colchicine (Colch) for seed priming in spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L., cv. Desi Palak) with the aim of improving crop performance and resilience under changing environmental conditions. The study revealed that seed treatment with 0.07% Colch significantly enhanced morphological, anatomical, fluorescence, and biochemical characteristics of spinach, whereas higher concentrations negatively affected growth. In comparison to the untreated control, the 0.07% Colch treatment resulted in notable increases in germination rate (20.3%), plant height (62.2%), number of leaves plant ⁻¹ (51.4%), leaf area (63.6%), crop growth rate (54.3%), and leaf yield (25.9%). Positive effects were also observed on stomatal size (44.4%), stomatal index (23.1%), leaf thickness (81.5%), quantum yield of photosystem II (46.4%), chlorophyll content (49.7%), linear electron flow (74.4%), and the enzymatic activities of catalase (23.4%), superoxide dismutase (33%), and peroxidase (14.3%), along with antioxidant capacity measured in terms of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl‐radical scavenging activity (28.3%). Moreover, the chromosomal count was doubled in plants treated with 0.07% Colch compared to the control, and polyploidy was cytogenetically verified, confirming its effectiveness in inducing genome duplication. Conversely, reductions were recorded in stomatal density (42.8%), nonphotochemical quenching (threefold), nonregulatory energy dissipation (twofold), hydrogen peroxide (31.5%), and superoxide anion levels (25.5%). Thus, the above findings demonstrate that 0.07% Colch seed priming can induce beneficial changes in the morphology, anatomy, physiology, and biochemical profile of spinach, providing practical implications for breeding strategies and sustainable crop development.