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Background: Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine describes a unique concept “prakriti”, genetically determined, categorising the population into several subgroups based on phenotypic characters like appearance, temperament and habits. The concept is claimed to be useful in predicting an individual’s susceptibility to a particular disease, prognosis of that illness and selection of therapy. The present study was carried out to study if the platelet aggregatory response and its inhibition by aspirin varied in the different prakriti subtypes. Methods: After obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee permission, normal healthy individuals of either sex between the age group 18 to 30 years were recruited in the study. Their prakriti evaluation was done using a standardized validated questionnaire (TNMC Prakriti 2004). Their Platelet Rich Plasma was incubated with either aspirin [2.5micro-mole (μM) and 5μM] or distilled water as control for three minutes after which the aggregatory response to 5μM Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) was measured over a period of 7 minutes. Results: We observed that in the study population of normal healthy participants (n= 137), ADP-induced maximal platelet aggregation (MPA) was highest among the Vata-pitta prakriti individuals [Median (range), 83.33% (52.33-96)] as compared to the other prakriti types and these individuals responded better to lower dose of aspirin compared to other prakriti types. Conclusions: Our results suggest that identifying the prakriti may help in individualising therapy or predicting proneness to a disease.

Purpose: Osteoarthritis is the single most common cause of disability in older adults with an estimated 10% to 15% prevalence in individuals above 60 years. The contemporary medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs acetaminophen, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and surgical interventions. In view of safety issues regarding their longterm use, necessitating search for effective and safe alternatives, we evaluated Capsule Longvida^®, Optimized Curcumin prepared using solid lipid curcumin particles (SLCP) technology in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Patients and methods: Eligible patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology Criteria were randomized to SLCP group (400 mg twice daily delivering 80 mg of curcumin per capsule) or Ibuprofen with placebo group (400 mg each once daily) for 90 days. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used for clinical assessment of knee pain and function. Degree of knee flexion and swelling were also noted. Blood biochemistry included hemogram, blood urea, creatinine, Random blood sugar and inflammatory markers viz. PGE2, TNF α, IL6, IL1β and LTB4 while urine examination included degenerative marker CTX II. The parametric data was analyzed using unpaired t test while non-parametric data was analyzed using Friedman’s test or Mann Whitney t test as applicable. A level of p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 50 recruitments, 25 from the Ibuprofen group and 17 from the SLCP group completed the study with significant improvements in VAS and WOMAC scores indicating comparable efficacy of SLCP in alleviating pain with Ibuprofen. None of the markers displayed significant changes. Except one withdrawal in the study group due to rash and itching, the study drug was found safe. Conclusions: SLCP in a dose of 160 mg daily was found to be effective and safe in alleviating symptoms in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis when administered for 90 days.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has provided an opportune time to evaluate the efficacy of traditional medicine. Many clinical studies involving AYUSH systems are being initiated and registered with Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) since last few months. The present work is an analysis of different characteristics of these studies on the basis of available datasets. ology: COVID-19 related clinical studies involving the healthcare systems of AYUSH, registered on CTRI between 1st February 2020 and 24th August 2020, were searched. They were analysed as per different characteristics such as registration month, study sites, aim, sample size, population, setting, sponsorship, intervention and comparators, duration & outcome measures. A total of 197 AYUSH studies were registered on CTRI of which majority (n=113) were from Ayurveda, with another nine of them with an intra-AYUSH collaboration. The highest number of studies were registered in month of June (n=57). Maximum study sites were in Maharashtra (n=65). From the 197 total studies, only six were observational studies, with 191 being interventional studies. As an outcome, majority of the studies aimed at recovery (n=112). Majority of studies (n=105) were Government of India sponsored and proposed in AYUSH setting (n=107). The proportion of comparative studies was more than single arm studies. Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) was the most frequently mentioned drug. Our analysis revealed some interesting characteristics of the registered studies such as use of platform trial design, system specific criteria for assessment and personalized interventions. Though it was not possible to evaluate the quality of these studies in view of the limited dataset used for trial registration, we could notice variations in important characteristics like sample size, treatment arms, comparator used and study duration according to the primary aim of the studies. Overall, the present review underlines the formidable efforts of AYUSH sector in combating COVID-19 outbreak.