There is no evidence of the most effective nutritional screening tool for hospitalized children. The present study aimed to develop a quick, simple, and valid screening tool for identifying malnutrition risk of hospital admission with non-invasive indicators. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Children`s nutritional baseline using a questionnaire, subjective malnutritional risk, and Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment were assessed on admission. Concurrent validity was assessed using American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)and Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics assessment and Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment tool. A new screening tool Simple Pediatric Nutritional risk Screening tool (SPENS) was developed, and sensitivity, specificity and reliability were evaluated. A total of 180 children aged from 1 month to 18 years were included (142 in the development phase and 38 in the validation phase). SPENS consist of four variables and shows almost perfect agreement with subjective malnutritional risk assessment (κ = 0.837) with high sensitivity and specificity (93.3% and 91.3% respectively). Compared with Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment and ASPEN and Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics assessment, SPENS had sensitivity 92.9% and 86.7%, a specificity of 87.5% and 87.0%, and an overall agreement of 0.78 and 0.728, respectively. Due to the fast, simple, easy, and practical to use, screening the SPENS can be performed by nurses, physicians, and dieticians.

Kefir is a traditional fermented milk beverage characterized by a complex community of lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria and yeasts that contributes to its unique sensory and nutritional properties. Regular consumption of kefir has been associated with a wide range of potential health benefits. This review aimed to evaluate the available clinical evidence on kefir consumption and its impact on human health. A literature search of the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted up to 30 August 2025. Eligible studies were human clinical trials investigating kefir as a fermented milk beverage without the addition of defined probiotic strains, prebiotics, or synbiotics. A total of 28 clinical studies were identified and included diverse study designs, such as crossover trials, parallel-group randomized controlled trials, multi-arm trials, early-phase exploratory studies, and pilot studies. Kefir intake showed potential benefits for gut microbiota modulation, metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, immune function, and gastrointestinal health. However, interpretation of these findings is limited due to substantial heterogeneity in kefir preparation, microbial composition, dosage, intervention duration, study populations, and outcome measures. Consequently, although kefir may offer multiple health benefits, the overall strength of evidence remains limited. Larger, well-designed clinical trials with standardized kefir interventions are needed to better define kefir’s efficacy in specific populations and health conditions.

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International mobility of nursing students and faculty is crucial for building global competencies, cultural awareness, and adaptability. Programs such as Erasmus+, Fulbright, and bilateral agreements expose participants to diverse healthcare systems and foster intercultural skills that improve patient care. Beyond cultural and professional outcomes, ergonomics (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial) also plays an important role. A literature review will assess evidence on benefits, barriers, and best practices. Findings show mobility strengthens cultural sensitivity, critical thinking, and academic creativity, while driving institutional innovation through partnerships and curriculum development. Yet financial limits, rigid curricula, language barriers, and accreditation gaps restrict access and equity. To maximize impact, programs must reduce barriers, ensure inclusivity, and prepare participants.

Publikacija "Zdravstvena nega otroka in mladostnika s pediatrijo: Zdrav otrok" celovito predstavlja področje zdravstvene nege zdravega otroka in mladostnika. Namenjena je študentom zdravstvene nege ter medicinskim sestram za poglabljanje znanja in razvoj spretnosti, potrebnih za kakovostno obravnavo otrok in mladostnikov. Vsebuje temeljne vsebine o preventivnem zdravstvenem varstvu otrok in mladostnikov, o razvoju otrok in mladostnikov po posameznih starostnih obdobjih, morbiditeta in mortaliteta, proces zdravstvene nege, pomen dokumentiranja ter posebnosti dela v različnih kliničnih okoljih. Poseben poudarek je namenjen zbiranju anamneze, spoštovanju pravic otrok v bolnišnici ter zdravstveni negi, osredotočeni na otroka in družino. Publikacija razvija tudi veščine učinkovite in starostno primerne komunikacije z otroki, mladostniki in njihovimi družinami ter vključuje vsebine zdravstvene vzgoje, promocije zdravja, imunosti in cepljenja. S tem študentom in medicinskim sestram omogoča strokovno in sočutno izvajanje zdravstvene nege, ki temelji na etičnih in ergonomskih načelih.