Gas chromatography was utilized to determine triacylglycerol profiles in milk and non-milk fat. The values of triacylglycerol were subjected to linear discriminant analysis to detect and quantify non-milk fat in milk fat. Two groups of milk fat were analyzed: A) raw milk fat from the central region of Mexico (n = 216) and B) ultrapasteurized milk fat from 3 industries (n = 36), as well as pork lard (n = 2), bovine tallow (n = 2), fish oil (n = 2), peanut (n = 2), corn (n = 2), olive (n = 2), and soy (n = 2). The samples of raw milk fat were adulterated with non-milk fats in proportions of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to form 5 groups. The first function obtained from the linear discriminant analysis allowed the correct classification of 94.4% of the samples with levels <10% of adulteration. The triacylglycerol values of the ultrapasteurized milk fats were evaluated with the discriminant function, demonstrating that one industry added non-milk fat to its product in 80% of the samples analyzed.

The aim of this paper is to highlight data related to health and antioxidants. According to the literature, these substances may participate to neutralize the excess of free radicals in oxidation mechanisms. The production of free radicals, a usual biological phenomenon, is regulated by different metabolic routes, since they are the first line of defense in the human body. Even though they are important in order to maintain a healthy body, the imbalance between endogenous antioxidants and free radicals, known as oxidative stress, is associated with different diseases and human aging. This paper also presents some sources of exogenous antioxidants, focusing on fruits and other vegetables and presents data from a local exploratory study about antioxidants consumption.

A method for the determination of clenbuterol (CLB) concentration in bovine liver by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection was developed. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and isopropanol, followed by HPLC analysis. A reverse-phase column C18 was used, with a UV detector at 214 nm and 0.05 M NaH2PO4 (pH 3.0)/acetonitrile (85:15, v/v) as the mobile phase. The accuracy of the analytical method was estimated by spiking bovine liver samples with three different concentrations of CLB (5.24 ng/g, 20.98 ng/g, and 41.96 ng/g) and recovery of 111.7%, 82.0%, and 84.8%, respectively, was obtained. The precision of the method was estimated by the relative standard deviation, which was < 4.74%. The limit of detection and quantification of CLB were 0.20 ng/g and 0.42 ng/g of liver sample, respectively, and the retention time was 24.82 minutes. The recent discovery of CLB contamination in Mexican food led to the specific inspection of a distribution center for this β-agonist, involving the analysis of a total of 78 bovine liver samples. Of all samples screened, 62% of them had concentrations above the maximum residue limit of 0.6 ng/g set by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization for CLB. The analytical method was found to be rapid, sensitive, accurate, repeatable, and reproducible, and could be applied to the measurement of CLB concentration in bovine liver