Glucose monitoring sensors with high softness and flexibility are critical for the developments of wearable and implantable healthcare devices that enable diagnosis, prognosis, and management of diabetes. The design and implementation of such sensors have been extensively exploited by electrochemical strategies, which, however, suffer from poor reusability and complex modification procedures, and necessitate frequent calibration or sensor replacement due to enzymatic reaction instability. Here, a soft and plasmonic hydrogel optical sensor is created for quantitative and continuous glucose monitoring under physiological conditions. The optical sensor consists of a flexible optical fiber made from composites of gold nanoparticles and glucose‐responsive hydrogels. The reversible binding of glucose to the nanocomposite optical fiber results in dynamic volume expansion of the hydrogel matrix, which modulates the localized surface plasmon resonance effect, enabling glucose to be quantified from the light transmission. To achieve robust readout, a dual‐wavelength differential approach is employed to endow the sensor with self calibration capability. We show that the sensor is reversible and reusable for detecting physiological glucose levels with high linearity and negligible hysteresis. The soft and flexible glucose sensor holds great promises of serving as a minimally‐invasive probe for point‐of‐care glucose monitoring in clinics.

In vivo detection of neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, is critical for both understanding brain mechanisms and diagnosing brain diseases. However, few sensors are competent in monitoring neurochemical dynamics in vivo at high specificity. Here, we propose the fiber-optic probes based on engineered cells (FOPECs) for plug-and-play, real-time detection of neurochemicals in freely moving animals. Taking advantages of life-evolved neurochemical receptors as key components, the chemical specificity of FOPECs is unprecedented. We demonstrate the applications of FOPECs in real-time monitoring of neurochemical dynamics under various physiology and pathology conditions. With no requirement of viral infection in advance and no dependence on animal species, FOPECs can be widely adopted in vertebrates, such as mice, rats, rabbits, and chickens. Moreover, FOPECs can be used to monitor drug metabolisms in vivo. We demonstrated the neurochemical monitoring in blood circulation systems in vivo. We expect that FOPECs will benefit not only neuroscience study but also drug discovery.

Minimally invasive interventions (MII) have transformed surgical practice by reducing patient trauma, speeding recovery, and improving patient outcomes. However, their effectiveness remains constrained by the lack of tactile feedback in confined spaces, reliance on manual dexterity, and dependence on radiation‐based imaging. Remotely controlled miniature soft robots that integrate tactile sensing, real‐time monitoring, and therapeutic delivery offer a promising route to overcome these barriers, but achieving such multifunctionality within a single device has yet to be realized. Here, we introduce an intelligent soft opto‐magnetic (iSOM) robot that integrates magnetic actuation, skin‐mimic tactile sensing, and photothermal ablation in a millimeter‐scale design. The robot comprises a compliant polymer sheath configured with optical pathways for sensing and therapeutic light delivery, a magnetically steerable body for controlled navigation, and a tissue‐conforming tip designed to provide tactile feedback and localized photothermal therapy. Driven by magnetic fields and laser excitation, the robot can actively navigate tortuous anatomy to perform targeted ablation therapy, while simultaneously providing real‐time feedback on both navigation and treatment to ensure precision and safety. Its capabilities were validated in proof‐of‐concept demonstrations, including real‐time tracked photothermal ablation in porcine tissue, targeted cardiac ablation in cardiovascular phantoms, and image‐guided therapeutic interventions in ex vivo and in vivo anatomical systems, underscoring its translational potential for high‐precision MII.