Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE), also called Hurst disease, is a rare demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) marked by rapid progression and acute inflammation of the white matter. Due to the correlation in their suspected postinfectious autoimmune pathogenesis, it is regarded as the most severe form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Because this clinical scenario has a high mortality rate, aggressive and immediate treatment is required. Although the exact cause of AHLE is unknown, it usually occurs after a bacterial or viral infection, or, less frequently, after a measles or rabies vaccination. AHLE has been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) as a rare but serious neurological complication. However, due to the lack of evidence‐based diagnostic criteria, diagnosis is difficult. The small number of cases described in the literature, which most likely reflects underreporting and/or low incidence, necessitates greater public awareness. Increased clinical suspicion and early imaging identification of this entity may allow clinicians to pursue more aggressive treatment options, potentially reducing fatal outcomes. This study focuses on symptoms and causes of AHLE, difference between AHLE and ADME, diagnosis and treatment of AHLE, and its link with COVID‐19.

Background: Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common acute autoimmune disease of peripheral nervous system. GBS has received little attention in Saudi Arabia. GBS causes an acute flaccid paralysis that may lead to respiratory failure. So, it requires early diagnosis and management. GBS is a clinical diagnosis which has no international criteria and needs a high index of suspension for diagnosis. It is characterized by a heterogeneous group of clinical presentations that may delay the diagnosis. Objective: this study aimed to conduct an analytical, cross-sectional study based on the data obtained from the online self-administrated questionnaire about the level of awareness of GBS presentation in Qassim region. Materials and methods: This study follows an analytical, cross-sectional design, focusing on data collected through an online self-administered questionnaire to assess awareness of GBS presentation in Qassim region. The study comprised a randomly selected sample of at least 926 participants. Results: The study revealed among 926 participants, 112 were familiar with GBS. Younger participants showed greater awareness. Notably, 62.5% without medical backgrounds knew about GBS. About 75% had personal contact with GBS patients, possibly influencing their awareness. Misconceptions persisted, with only 19.6% recognizing GBS's typical onset duration. Urgency was recognized by 61.6%, but only 29.5% identified the ER as the right care setting. Conclusion: The results unveiled a mix of awareness and misconceptions about GBS. Strengthening education is crucial for better understanding and management.

Usutu virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus with an expanding geographic distribution and increasing public health relevance, yet no licensed vaccine is currently available. This study used an integrated reverse vaccinology strategy to identify conserved immunogenic regions from the Envelope protein and NS5 protein, and construct a multi-epitope vaccine. Following sequential computational screening, the retained T-cell and B-cell epitopes satisfied the predefined selection criteria, while selected T-cell epitopes achieved an estimated 96.41% global population coverage. The final vaccine consisted of 240 amino acids and incorporated an adjuvant together with peptide linkers. Computational characterization indicated favorable physicochemical features and a refined three-dimensional model with improved stereochemical characteristics. Receptor-binding analyses predicted favorable interactions with TLR2 and TLR4, producing weighted docking scores of −1326.1 and −1230.2, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation further characterized the temporal behavior of the vaccine–TLR2 complex, while MM-GBSA analysis yielded an estimated binding energy of −74.78 kcal/mol. C-ImmSim predicted enhanced humoral and cellular immune-response patterns following repeated antigen administration, including increased simulated antibody levels and changes in immune-cell populations. All findings in this study are based on in silico analyses and represent computational predictions rather than experimentally confirmed results. Further experimental validation is required to verify the predicted properties, immunogenicity, and protective potential of the proposed vaccine candidate.