Cultural diversity in schools takes on various forms, including social class, ethnicity, religion and nationality, among other factors that constitute students’ identity, influencing their learning. Therefore, one of the biggest challenges that educational systems face internationally is the effective inclusion of all children and young people in schools. For this process to be successful, the roles played by teachers are essential. Thus, our main objective with this systematic literature review is to expand knowledge and awareness of cultural diversity issues to promote the inclusion of learners from primary to secondary education in Europe. To achieve this, we will highlight teachers’ perceptions of students’ cultural diversity and identify a range of strategies and practices that can contribute to the development of their professional learning. The search was conducted in two databases, Scopus and the Web of Science, and focused on articles published between 2010 and 2022. Of the 3976 identified articles, 41 were included in this study. The findings suggest that teachers consider diversity to be a challenge despite the existence of a favorable view toward students’ cultural diversity. A set of solutions is given for the development of inclusion processes.

This study examined the extent and nature of cyberbullying in 23 Portuguese schools. A sample of 3,525 sixth-, eighth-, and eleventh-grade students completed a self-response questionnaire assessing their perceptions and experiences of cyberbullying. The findings showed that 7.6% of students have been victimized, and 3.9% have bullied others at least once over the last year. The incidences of victimization were higher for females and for the older students. In contrast, more boys reported having bullied others in the eleventh grade. The most frequent medium of cyberbullying was via websites, whilst sending offensive messages was the most widely reported type of behavior. Telling someone about cyberbullying is among the most frequent coping strategies used by cybervictims, who usually chose to tell their friends rather than adults. Implications of these findings for students, schools, and parents are discussed.

This study aims to clarify how the quality of the family environment is related to the involvement in cyberbullying behaviors, either as a cyber-victim or as a cyber-aggressor, via a cross-sectional research design. With this purpose a diagnostic questionnaire with questions about both the quality of family environment and cyberbullying was conceived and administered to 3525 adolescents attending 6th, 8th and 11th grades at several schools in Portugal. The results suggested that two family aspects seem to be equally important in protection against cyberbullying: perception of family support and perception of rules within the family. A hierarchical regression analysis reveals that lack of family support is more predictive of cyber-victimization and that a lack of family rules is more predictive of cyber-aggression. The authors discuss the implications for the well-being of adolescents, as well as the challenges that parents face in the supervision of adolescents' use of digital technologies.

Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma parte do estudo extensivo do projeto Cyberbullying – um diagnóstico da situação em Portugal, com a aplicação de um questionário a 3.525 adolescentes no 6.º, 8.º e 11.º níveis de escolaridade. Com vista à caracterização do cyberbullying, pretendeu-se contribuir para a identificação e interpretação das emoções experienciadas pelos jovens envolvidos, quer como vítimas, quer como agressores em situações de cyberbullying. Os dados revelam que a tristeza, a vontade de vingança e o medo são as emoções mais frequentes das vítimas, enquanto a satisfação, a indiferença e o alívio são aquelas que os agressores mais vivenciam. Revelam ainda diferenças significativas entre as emoções experienciadas pelas vítimas e aquelas que os agressores lhes atribuem, o que, podendo ser um indicador da falta de empatia destes últimos, requer o desenvolvimento de uma educação emocional dos jovens. Verificam-se algumas diferenças significativas em relação ao nível de escolaridade, sexo, escola e município, nomeadamente: na maior incidência de emoções como a tristeza, o medo, a insegurança e a vontade de vingança nas vítimas do sexo masculino; mais sentimentos de insegurança, de alívio, de confusão e desorientação nas jovens agressoras; emoções associadas a impotência e falta de apoio, experimentadas pelos jovens no papel de vítimas, mais numas escolas do que noutras. Esses dados levam-nos a refletir sobre formas de agir no sentido da prevenção do cyberbullying.