Shiqu County, China, represents a vital component of alpine ecosystems on the eastern Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, playing a pivotal role in regional ecological functions. However, amid the backdrop of climate change and rapid land‐use transformation, its delicate alpine ecosystems remain persistently threatened by human activities, including several nature reserves and a Ramsar site within it. This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution and differentiation of Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) in Shiqu County (1980–2020), focusing on its driving factors. The research findings reveal that: (1) From 1980 to 2020, Shiqu County experienced a general trend of diminishing unused land, grassland, and cultivated land, alongside an expansion of forested land, water areas, and construction land. (2) Throughout the study duration, the ESV of Shiqu County exhibited a growth trajectory, escalating from 26.180 billion CNY in 1980 to 26.848 billion CNY in 2020, representing a net increase of 2.55%. Grasslands played the most substantial role in contributing to Shiqu's ESV. (3) From 1980 to 2020, all ecosystem service functions exhibited ESV growth, with hydrological regulation and water supply notably increasing by 9.07% and 8.81%, respectively. (4) Land‐use distribution demonstrates significant vertical zonation along gradients of altitude, slope, aspect, and terrain ruggedness, resulting in pronounced vertical variations in ESV, per unit area ESV, and ESV across various ecosystem service functions. (5) The spatial differentiation of ESV in Shiqu County is influenced by both natural and economic factors, with natural factors exerting a more substantial influence on spatial disparities than economic factors. The research provides insights to guide policymakers in prioritizing conservation efforts in fragile alpine ecosystems and optimizing land‐use strategies to achieve sustainable development goals, offering a transferable framework for similar regions globally.

The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and the Chinese red panda (Ailurus styani) are distributed in the same region in the mountain forest ecosystem on the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and share the same food sources. In order to understand how sympatric giant pandas and Chinese red pandas maintain interspecific relationships to achieve stable coexistence, we used species distribution models and diurnal activity rhythms to analyze the spatial and temporal niche characteristics of giant pandas and Chinese red pandas in the Daxiangling Mountain system based on 187 camera traps data. The results show that: (1) In the Daxiangling Mountains, the total area of suitable habitats for giant pandas and Chinese red pandas is 717.61 km² and 730.00 km², respectively, accounting for 17.78% and 18.25%, respectively, of the study area. (2) The top five environmental factors contributing to the model of giant panda and Chinese red panda are precipitation seasonality, temperature seasonality, distance to the road, and elevation and vegetation type. (3) The total overlapping area of suitable habitats for giant pandas and Chinese red pandas is 342.23 km², of which the overlapping area of highly suitable habitats is 98.91 km². The overlapping index of suitable habitats is 0.472, and the overlapping index of highly suitable habitats is 0.348, which indicates that the two achieve spatial niches are separated to achieve stable coexistence. (4) The overlapping index of the daily activity rhythm of giant panda and Chinese red panda is 0.87, which is significantly different (p < .05). The existence of Chinese red panda will significantly affect the daily activity rhythm of giant panda (p < .001). This research can provide scientific reference for the researches about population and habitat protection of giant pandas and Chinese red pandas, so as to understand the driving mechanism of resource allocation and population dynamics of sympatric species.

Climate change will impact the distribution of species and their preferred habitat, thereby influencing the ecological processes intrinsic to these species. To investigate these phenomena, we analyzed the habitat distribution, structure, and connectivity of 6 forest ungulate species in Southwest China under current and future climate scenarios. Habitat projections indicate that forest ungulates will migrate to the southwest at higher elevations and the northwest at higher latitudes and elevations in the study area under climate change. The extent to which climate change affects the 6 forest ungulates is quite different. By 2050, there will still be a certain range of habitats for migration in the study area, but the habitat quality of species will have decreased to varying degrees after migration. By 2070, most forest ungulates will begin to experience significant habitat loss and habitat quality decline. The migration of species habitat also leads to a change in species habitat structure. Habitat landscape quality declines for most forest ungulate species. The loss of patches at the junction habitat has a huge impact on species habitat connectivity. The number and distance of corridors between the marginal habitat patches and the core habitat patches increase to a certain extent. To better achieve biodiversity conservation, we should strengthen the restoration and connectivity management of fragmented habitats to protect and restore the current habitats of species. Examples include the management of specific key areas and the establishment of large-scale integrated protected areas such as the Giant Panda National Park.

As human activities continue to expand, wildlife persistence faces escalating threats from roads. In Wolong area of Giant Panda National Park, the local giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are divided into two population groups along the National Highway G350 (NHG). Therefore, selecting suitable areas to help those giant pandas communicate across the NHG is necessary. In this research, we evaluated the presence of human activities and simulated their absence to analyze how they affect the giant panda's habitat in Wolong. Subsequently, based on the kernel density estimation (KDE) for giant pandas and the main human distribution locations, we selected suitable areas for the population link between the two road sections on the NHG. We simulated the absence of human activities on the two road sections to compare changes in the habitat suitability index (HSI) and connectivity value (CV) relative to their presence. We aimed to carefully select the area for future giant panda corridor plans and simulate whether eliminating human activities will significantly improve the HSI and CV of the area. Our results show that: (1) Human activities presence has led to subtle changes in the landscape pattern of suitable habitats and a decrease in Wolong by 78.76 km² compared to their absence. (2) Human activities presence significantly reduced HSI and CV in the 1000 m buffer along the NHG compared to their absence. (3) The HSI and CV of the 1000 m buffer in the simulated absence of human activities for the two road sections were significantly higher than their presence. This research identified the optimal road section for crossing the NHG to link giant panda population groups and habitats in Wolong. These insights are significant for formulating conservation decisions and corridor plans and for promoting wildlife conservation in reserves amid high levels of human activity.