Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most familiar type of dementia, is a severe concern in modern healthcare. Around 5.5 million people aged 65 and above have AD, and it is the sixth leading cause of mortality in the US. AD is an irreversible, degenerative brain disorder characterized by a loss of cognitive function and has no proven cure. Deep learning techniques have gained popularity in recent years, particularly in the domains of natural language processing and computer vision. Since 2014, these techniques have begun to achieve substantial consideration in AD diagnosis research, and the number of papers published in this arena is rising drastically. Deep learning techniques have been reported to be more accurate for AD diagnosis in comparison to conventional machine learning models. Motivated to explore the potential of deep learning in AD diagnosis, this study reviews the current state-of-the-art in AD diagnosis using deep learning. We summarize the most recent trends and findings using a thorough literature review. The study also explores the different biomarkers and datasets for AD diagnosis. Even though deep learning has shown promise in AD diagnosis, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed.

A vital component of maintaining the world’s expanding populace is farming. In agriculture field, factors such as soil quality, weather patterns, and crop yields are essential components of usual possessions that affect farming manufacture. Despite advancements, prevailing smart systems quiet struggle with handling big amounts in prediction claims, often facing difficulties in balancing prediction accuracy and learning efficiency. To ensure sustainable food production, integrating advanced machineries such as machine learning and artificial intelligence in agriculture is essential. This study proposes an explainable AI (XAI)-based smart agriculture system to provide holistic recommendation for precision farming aimed at improving productivity while reducing environmental impact. We compiled a comprehensive weather, soil, and crop dataset from official and verified sources in India. From this dataset, we extracted and optimized features using pre-trained architectures and enhanced barnacles mating optimization (EBMO) algorithm, addressing the high-measure mentality and computational complexity issues often encountered in agricultural data analysis. The selected features were analyzed to provide holistic recommendations for precision farming using baseline ML models such as support vector machine, random forest, neural network, and decision tree. Additionally, we integrate the XAI framework to offer interpretable recommendation for optimizes the agricultural practices. The study developed an XAI-based smart agriculture system that provides holistic recommendations for precision farming to boost productivity. By using a comprehensive dataset and optimizing features with the EBMO algorithm, the research achieved high accuracy in crop yield predictions, particularly with the XLNet+SVM model, which outperformed existing models across various crops. The integration of SHAP and LIME further enabled interpretable AI-driven insights, enhancing transparency in decision-making. The results demonstrated significant improvements in prediction accuracy, resource management, and sustainability, offering valuable contributions to global food security through smart agriculture. The ability to explain these AI decisions further supports the adoption of AI technologies in agriculture, fostering resilient agricultural systems that are essential for feeding the world’s growing population.

Voice-driven devices (VDDs) like Google Home and Amazon Alexa, which are well-known connected devices in consumer IoT, have applications in various domains i.e., home appliances automation, next-generation vehicles, voice banking, and so on. However, these VDDs that are based on automatic speaker verification systems (ASVs) are vulnerable to voice based logical access (LA) attacks like Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis and converted voice signals. Intruders can exploit these attacks to bypass the security of such systems and gain access of victim’s bank account or home control. Thus, there exists a need to develop an effective voice spoofing countermeasure that can reliably be used to protect these VDDs against such malicious attacks. This work presents a novel audio features descriptor named as extended local ternary pattern (ELTP) to capture the vocal tract dynamically induced attributes of bonafide speech and algorithmic artifacts in synthetic and converted speeches. We fused our novel ELTP features with the linear frequency cepstral coefficients (LFCC) to further strengthen the capability of our features for capturing the traits of bonafide and spoofed signals. We employ the proposed ELTP-LFCC features to train the deep bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (DBiLSTM) network for classification of the bonafide and spoof signal (i.e., TTS synthesis, converted speech). Performance of our spoofing countermeasure is measured on the large-scale and diverse ASVspoof 2019 logical access dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed audio spoofing countermeasure can reliably be used to detect the LA spoofing attacks.

Stock market forecasting involves predicting fluctuations and trends in the value of financial assets, utilizing statistical and machine learning models to analyze historical market data for insights into future behavior. This practice aids investors, traders, financial institutions, and governments in making informed decisions, managing risks, and assessing economic conditions. Forecasting financial markets is difficult due to the intricate interplay of global economics, politics, and investor sentiment, making it inherently unpredictable. This study introduces a Deep Learning based Expert Framework for Stock Market forecasting (Portfolio prediction) called DLEF-SM. The methodology begins with an improved jellyfish-induced filtering (IJF-F) technique for preprocessing, effectively analyzing raw data and eliminating artifacts. To address imbalanced data and enhance data quality, pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, VGGFace2 and ResNet-50, are used for feature extraction. Additionally, an improved black widow optimization (IBWO) algorithm is designed for feature selection, reducing data dimensionality and preventing under-fitting. For precise stock market predictions, integrate deep reinforcement learning with artificial neural network (DRL-ANN) is proposed. Simulation outcomes reveal that the proposed framework achieves maximum forecasting accuracy, reaching 99.562%, 98.235%, and 98.825% for S&P500-S, S&P500-L, and DAX markets, respectively.