Urban streams constitute a valuable form of multi-functional blue and green infrastructure (BGI) and can support urban development to generate ecosystem, social, and economic benefits. In global cities, planning for BGI enhancement contributes to climate change adaptation, ecosystem restoration, community health and wellbeing, improved quality of life, etc. This research aims to assess the dynamics of stream landscape change in Zagreb as well as the influence of urban development on the blue and green landscape and related urban values. The analysis of landscape features and their planning is conducted at the level of the stream system of the whole city of Zagreb and at the level of two stream sequences by superimposing spatial data from cartographic sources. By developing an urban planning-social-ecological approach to evaluation, monitoring, and management, a quantitative and qualitative trend in stream landscape changes is identified and indicators for detecting areas of critical urbanization pressure are established. This research confirms the trend of negative changes in the urban BGI, evident in the present state (interruption of open streams, and the reduction, fragmentation, and disconnection of blue and green landscape), as well as in the planned neglect (plans for further stream closures and reduction in public green areas). Stream landscape potential is emphasized as one of the greatest urban assets for improving the system of BGI, and areas needed for their prioritization in urban planning measures, directed towards an increase in multiple landscape values, are determined.

This article examines the role of urban design in integrating biodiversity preservation with the enhancement of environmental and human health and quality of life in urban and peri-urban areas. Building on three complementary perspectives—urban design, the Healthy Habits framework, and socio-ecological networks—the review seeks to bridge short- to medium-term actions for improving the quality of life with long-term strategies for biodiversity preservation. While partial connections between these domains exist, they remain fragmented, underscoring the need for a holistic and transdisciplinary approach to urban socio-ecological health. The study employs a two-stage methodology, combining a scoping review to map existing evidence with a qualitative thematic review across SCOPUS-indexed research, European and international policy frameworks, and practical applications. The One Health paradigm is used as the principal integrative tool to link urban design, the Healthy Habits framework, and the socio-ecological networks. The topics of European environmental policies, evolutionary pillars, and social cohesion are incorporated to strengthen the interrelations between environmental and societal health and well-being. The findings highlight the importance of a holistic approach, behavioural insights, urban nudges, and participation, which can become key elements in fostering social cohesion, ecological resilience, and overall health. The research concludes that health-oriented urban design must go beyond traditional planning paradigms and tools, adopting adaptive, relational, and transdisciplinary approaches to address the challenges posed by contemporary times.

Promjena paradigme u razumijevanju gradova i krajolika kao holističkog, sveobuhvatnog i participativnog osnažena je Konvencijom o krajobrazima Vijeća Europe i istraživačkim pristupom povijesnih urbanih pejsaža. Prepoznavanje promjena paradigme koje uspostavljaju veze grada i pejsaža, postavljene su kao cilj istraživanja te su istražene pregledom literature koja obuhvaća povijesni razvoj pejsaža, grada i pejsažne arhitekture te pejsaža u povijesti umjetnosti i fotografije. Potvrđivanje univerzalnih aspekata veza grada i pejsaža emanira jedinstvo i nerazdvojnost grada i pejsaža.

Razvoj teorije pejsažne arhitekture i suvremenih svjetskih primjera dobre urbanističko-pejsažističke prakse govore u prilog sve većem značenju i višestrukim ulogama pejsaža za razvoj grada. Članak donosi pregled uloga i...

The research phenomenon of the ‘urban and natural landscape relation’ as landscape setting of cities, testifies to 25 centuries of urban culture in the Mediterranean. The holistic understanding of the landscape relation as a multidimensional phenomenon and changeability process presents a challenge in application to spatial planning. The research hypothesis introduces landscape archetypes as a conceptualisation principle that integrate various research fields and embody landscape reality, representation, and change. The applied research method of literature review sets spatial planning, collective psychology, and art photography as the main research fields for establishing landscape setting and landscape transformation archetypes. These landscape archetypes are verified by comparing the Mediterranean cases of Livorno, Ancona, and Dubrovnik. The landscape archetypes aid in dealing with the complex nature of landscape relations by acknowledging the values found in every landscape. Spatial planning, collective psychology, and art photography contribute to raising collective and individual landscape consciousness and foster a holistic approach to monitoring landscape transformations.