Lamiophlomis rotata (L. rotata), is known as “Daba” in the Tibetan region, Ajuga ovalifolia and Oreosolen wartii have also been utilized as substitutes for “Daba”, however, only L. rotata has been officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for hemostasis preparations. To safely apply the traditional uses of the herb, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA barcodes were employed to discriminate L. rotata from its adulterants. For further evaluation of the quality of different originating habitats, the chemical profiles of 25 samples were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) coupled with multivariate analyses. ITS2 DNA barcodes differentiated L. rotata from O. wartii and A. ovalifolia accurately. A neighbor-joining (NJ) tree showed that three origins clustered into three clades. Forty-nine compounds were identified in the total ion current (TIC) profile of L. rotata. Additionally, two pairs of isomers were identified for the first time by using mass spectrometry fragmentation. The differences between the variable habitats were determined by multivariate statistical analysis of the UPLC-QTOF-MS data from 25 specimens. Ten compounds were identified as the characteristic markers distinguishing the sample from four geographical origins. The results also suggest that samples from Qinghai and Sichuan province would be the most suitable choice for traditional prescriptions and preparations.

Based on the previously researches, this manuscript comprehensively analysed the chemicals in essential oil (EO) from pericarp of Nanfengmiju, a variety of Citrus kinokuni Hort. ex Tanaka. The isolated crystals from the EO were mainly composed of a series of alkanes. In total, 33 alkanes were identified, in which 14 ones were firstly reported in the peels EOs from Citrus L., to the best of my knowledge. Previously, alkanes were neglected and never thought as the chemical markers of peels EOs from Citrus. In fact, some of them can be chosen as the markers such as tricosane and pentacasane. Eight compounds including limonene, γ-terpinene, α-terpineol, α-farnesene, linalool, thymol, α-sinensal, and methyl-N-methyl anthranilate had already been identified as the markers of peels EOs from Citrus reticulata Blanco. α-Sinensal and methyl-N-methyl anthranilate were undetected in this study. At the same time, another 2 compounds β-terpineol and δ-cadinene were first selected, and 2 compounds such as spathulenol and isospathulenol were identified previously as the markers of peel EO from Nanfengmiju. In total, twelve markers were identified for peels EO from Nanfengmiju. Resumen. Con base en investigaciones previas, en este trabajo se analizan exhaustivamente los productos químicos presentes en el aceite esencial (EO) del pericarpio de Nanfengmiju, una variedad de Citrus kinokuni Hort. ex Tanaka. Los cristales aislados del EO estaban compuestos principalmente por una serie de alcanos. En total, se identificaron 33, entre los cuales, de acuerdo con lo que sabemos, 14 se informaron por primera vez en los aceites esenciales de cáscaras de Citrus L. En este trabajo se proponen algunos alcanos como marcadores químicos de los aceites esenciales de las cáscaras de cítricos, como el tricosano y el pentacasano. Ocho compuestos, incluidos limoneno, γ-terpineno, α-terpineol, α-farneseno, linalol, timol, α-sinensal y antranilato de metil-N-metilo, ya se han identificado como marcadores de AE de cáscaras de Citrus reticulata Blanco. En este estudio no se detectaron ni el α-sinensal ni el antranilato de metil-N-metilo. Al mismo tiempo, se seleccionaron otros 2 nuevos marcadores: β-terpineol y δ-cadineno, y compuestos como el espatulenol y el isospatulenol se identificaron previamente como marcadores del EO de la cáscara de Nanfengmiju. En total, se identificaron doce marcadores para EO de Nanfengmiju.

In this research, we focused on the production of amylose–lipid nanocomposite material (ALN) through a green synthesis technique utilizing high-speed homogenization. Our aim was to investigate this novel material’s distinctive physicochemical features and its potential applications as a low-glycemic gelling and functional food ingredient. The study begins with the formulation of the amylose–lipid nanomaterial from starch and fatty acid complexes, including stearic, palmitic, and lauric acids. Structural analysis reveals the presence of ester carbonyl functionalities, solid matrix structures, partial crystallinities, and remarkable thermal stability within the ALN. Notably, the ALN exhibits a significantly low glycemic index (GI, 40%) and elevated resistance starch (RS) values. The research extends to the formulation of ALN into nanocomposite hydrogels, enabling the evaluation of its anthocyanin absorption capacity. This analysis provides valuable insights into the rheological properties and viscoelastic behavior of the resulting hydrogels. Furthermore, the study investigates anthocyanin encapsulation and retention by ALN-based hydrogels, with a particular focus on the influence of pH and physical cross-link networks on the uptake capacity presenting stearic-acid (SA) hydrogel with the best absorption capacity. In conclusion, the green-synthesized (ALN) shows remarkable functional and structural properties. The produced ALN-based hydrogels are promising materials for a variety of applications, such as medicine administration, food packaging, and other industrial purposes.

Background: Diabetes mellitus involves complex pathogenesis requiring multi-target interventions. Citrus reticulata ‘Dahongpao’ from Chongqing exhibits anti-diabetic potential, but its mechanisms remain elusive. Methods: We employed an integrative strategy: GC-MS identified 82 compounds (96.61% coverage), dominated by D -limonene (62.48%). Network pharmacology revealed 36 diabetes-related targets. Molecular docking prioritized ligands (thymol: −6.8 kcal/mol with FABP1; n-hexadecanoic acid: −6.7 kcal/mol with PTGS2). Critical validation was achieved via 100-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and MM-GBSA binding free energy calculations. Results: MD simulations demonstrated structural stability (RMSD < 2.5 Å) for core complexes (e.g., CYP19A1/thymol). MM-GBSA quantified robust binding for FABP1/dodecanoic acid (−43.26 kcal/mol) and PTGS2/n-hexadecanoic acid (−43.93 kcal/mol), driven by van der Waals forces. Hydrogen bond dynamics revealed persistent interactions (e.g., thymol–THR102 in FABP1), while RMSF highlighted ligand-induced flexibility in fatty acids. Pathway analysis implicated PPAR signaling and insulin resistance. Conclusion: Citrus reticulata ‘Dahongpao’ essential oil combats diabetes through synergistic multi-target modulation, validated by dynamic ligand–protein stability and energetics. This study presents an in silico framework that integrates phytochemical profiling and computational analyses to facilitate natural product drug discovery.