An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.

A tribo Crotoneae está representada no Estado pelo gênero Astraea Klotzsch, com duas espécies e Croton L., com 37. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os gêneros e espécies e ilustrações de características diagnosticas. Para cada uma das espécies são referidos a publicação original, sinônimos, distribuição geográfica e o tipo de vegetação em que ocorre, juntamente com uma coleção representativa de herbário. Uma nova combinação, Astraea cincta (Müll. Arg.) Caruzo & Cordeiro, é proposta para Croton cinctus Müll. Arg. e são aqui designados 17 lectótipos e um neótipo.