Commercial fruit vinegar is recently produced with different vinegar process to develop more varieties of product for satisfying the needs of customers. However, there are limited knowledge existed on the effect of different vinegar processing based on physicochemical properties and nutritional values. In this research, different varieties of Malus pumila (apple cider) and Punica Granatum L. (pomegranate) vinegars were studied. Artificial vinegar was used as control. The effect of different varieties of vinegar are studied based on physicochemical properties and acetic acid content. In analysis of physicochemical properties, unfiltered vinegars had higher оBrix value and titratable acidity than the other samples. pH of all the samples were similar with the commercial vinegar. Artificial vinegar had low acetic acid content, but unfiltered vinegars had higher acetic acid content. The data in this research provided the fundamental scientific evidence of nutrition value for different varieties of vinegars. This study was meant to provide guide for consumers to purchase and consume a high quality and nutritional fruit vinegar among numerous varieties of commercial fruit vinegars in Malaysia market.

Agriculture drones are currently becoming a major mechanization for the agricultural industry. Drones have been specifically utilized to improve agricultural activities and hence require a specific skill set to operate effectively and efficiently in the field. Therefore, the future workforce in the agriculture industry is required to learn and accept this new technology. Nonetheless, integrating drone technology into the classroom presents obstacles for students and lecturers as well. Therefore, gaining a deeper comprehension of the numerous facets of drone technology integration in higher education, especially courses related to agrotechnology programs is critical. This quantitative survey used the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) paradigm to investigate agrotechnology students' acceptance of agriculture drones while reducing ambiguity using statistical analysis SPSS 26.0 and employed both descriptive and inferential analysis techniques. The KAP model was employed in a recent survey to ascertain the student's perspective regarding drones within their practical class. In order to gain a deeper understanding of students' knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions regarding agriculture drone applications, a closed-ended structured survey was designed. The survey was disseminated to selected University Malaysia Kelantan students specifically further study in agrotechnology and intensive training on handling and practical skill-set of agriculture drone spraying was provided to them. The response from the survey obtained showed that students had a good level of knowledge about the application of agriculture drones (mean score of 4.43), attitude toward the drone application (mean score of 4.56) and practice level of the students showed a mean score of 4.57. The findings from the study revealed that the practical lesson involving agriculture drone spraying had a positive benefit on the agrotechnology student’s skills for their future career endeavor.

Agriculture drones are currently becoming a major mechanization for the agricultural industry. Drones have been specifically utilized to improve agricultural activities and hence require a specific skill set to operate effectively and efficiently in the field. Therefore, the future workforce in the agriculture industry is required to learn and accept this new technology. Nonetheless, integrating drone technology into the classroom presents obstacles for students and lecturers as well. Therefore, gaining a deeper comprehension of the numerous facets of drone technology integration in higher education, especially courses related to agrotechnology programs is critical. This quantitative survey used the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) paradigm to investigate agrotechnology students' acceptance of agriculture drones while reducing ambiguity using statistical analysis SPSS 26.0 and employed both descriptive and inferential analysis techniques. The KAP model was employed in a recent survey to ascertain the student's perspective regarding drones within their practical class. In order to gain a deeper understanding of students' knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions regarding agriculture drone applications, a closed-ended structured survey was designed. The survey was disseminated to selected University Malaysia Kelantan students specifically further study in agrotechnology and intensive training on handling and practical skill-set of agriculture drone spraying was provided to them. The response from the survey obtained showed that students had a good level of knowledge about the application of agriculture drones (mean score of 4.43), attitude toward the drone application (mean score of 4.56) and practice level of the students showed a mean score of 4.57. The findings from the study revealed that the practical lesson involving agriculture drone spraying had a positive benefit on the agrotechnology student’s skills for their future career endeavor.

Dried edible flowers such as rose and osmanthus can create infused vinegar to improve antioxidant properties of the vinegar. Rambutan vinegar (RV) with the highest antioxidant activity was chosen for the determination of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and anthocyanin pigment present in the dried edible flower-infused Rambutan Vinegar. The antioxidant activity of rose- infused rambutan vinegar (RVR) and osmanthus-infused rambutan vinegar (RVO) have shown significant increase when compared to RV. Antioxidant activity of RVR and RVO shows significance increase (p<0.05) compared to RV. The antioxidant activity of RVR (3 g) at Week 2 (68.37%) is higher than RVO (1 g) at Week 2 (29.92%). The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anthocyanin pigment of RVR and RVO shows significant increase compared to RV. RVR (3 g) at week 2 shows the highest TPC (152.29 GAE µg/mL) and highest anthocyanin pigment (1.89 C3G mg/L) whereas RVO (1 g) at week 2 shows the highest TFC (1.79 QE mg/mL). To summarize, the best concentration of edible flowers infused in RV and time of infusion for RVR is RVR (3 g) at week 2 and RVO is RVO (1 g) at week 2. The infused vinegar can be consumed or used as an ingredient in personal care and cosmetic products.