Rock-filled concrete (RFC) has good performance in terms of energy savings, cost reduction, and CO₂ emissions as a novel massive concrete construction technology. There have been studies into replacing natural rocks in RFC with large blocks of solid waste, and this method has been used on several construction sites. However, the granular and powdery solid waste utilized in RFC is limited, as a consequence of the special requirement of self-compacting concrete (SCC) in RFC. The goal of this paper is to increase the amount of granular and powdery solid waste in RFC. Iron ore tailing (IOT) and phosphogypsum (PG) were used separately as granular and powdery solid waste. The modified PG, ground blast-furnace slag (GBFS), steel slag, and cement clinker are combined to form parathion gypsum slag cement in a specific proportion, with the ratio of PG, GBFS, steel slag, and cement being 47:47:2:2. To replace the natural rocks in RFC, artificial rockfills made of IOT and parathion gypsum slag cement are used to increase the dosage of solid waste. The artificial rockfills were formed using three methods: compressing, roller compacting, and normal vibrating. When the compressive strength and material costs of the three types of artificial rockfills are compared, the compressing method is the best for maximizing the IOT. In artificial rockfills, the mass fraction of granular solid waste is 83.3%, and the mass fraction of total solid waste is 99.3%.

The effect of powdery industrial solid wastes on the optimal proportion of pastes and self-compacting concrete (SCC) is investigated in this study. There were nine groups of powdery industrial solid wastes designed, including cement, fly ash (FA), limestone powder (LP), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and modified phosphogypsum (MPG). The powder materials have different properties, such as zeta potential, density, and specific surface area. The paste rheological threshold theory was used to calculate the self-compacting paste (SCP) zone and the optimal proportion. To assess the effect of powder properties on the optimal mix proportion, a model was proposed. The linear regression method was used to obtain quantitative relationships between the optimal proportion and powder characteristics, which can benefit in the SCC optimization process. A new powder combination was designed, and the optimal water-to-powder ratio by volume (${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{W}}/{\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{P}}$ ) and the dosage of superplasticizer by mass (SP%) can be calculated using the powder combination’s physical and chemical properties. The search area was narrowed, and the SCP zone was obtained, where a good SCC was achieved, validating the powder effect model’s effectiveness.