In the development of traditional supply-chain finance, the information asymmetry of all parties in the supply chain has become the primary problem hindering its development. Blockchain technology is an effective method to solve the problem of information silos. Based on differential game theory, this paper constructs a game model of supply-chain financial information-sharing behavior based on blockchain technology. Three scenarios of independent decision, the cost-subsidy mechanism of financial institutions, and dealers and collaborative decisions are studied, and the theoretical model is verified through a simulation algorithm. The results show that information sharing in supply-chain finance based on blockchain technology is much higher than that of traditional supply-chain finance, and the use of blockchain technology can promote more sustainable development of supply chains. Blockchain technology can effectively solve the information-silo effect, and the information sharing cost-subsidy mechanism can effectively relieve the cost pressure of information sharing and optimize the supply-chain structure. In addition, the amount of information and benefits shared among the three parties of supply-chain finance based on blockchain technology and the overall benefits show an increasing and stabilized trend over time. This study provides a reference for supply-chain finance members to reasonably choose the optimal strategic behavior.

Tri-layered metal films perforated with rectangle hole arrays of different orientations and separated by glass/air spacers have been studied theoretically and experimentally. The devices can rotate the polarization of the incident light by 90o with high efficiency and wide bandwidth in the near-infrared and microwave regions. The high-efficiency and wide bandwidth polarization rotation can be ascribed to the near-field coupling regime rather than the Fabry-Perot resonance according to the investigation of the difference between the two regimes.

Inadequate information sharing and difficult information diffusion are the main factors that cause upstream and downstream enterprises to default on supply chain finance. Blockchain technology, which exploits distributed storage and a consensus mechanism, can provide effective solutions to overcome these problems such as information sharing. When blockchain technology is adopted by the enterprises that comprise the supply chain finance business, this technology shows a diffusion trend. As a result, the decision pertaining to the application of novel technologies is affected. Therefore, to investigate the diffusion mechanism pertaining to the blockchain technology that is applied in supply chain finance, the study exploited the idea of a class of SEIR infectious disease models, and built a blockchain model that considers the supply chain financial system. Besides, the study verifies the stability of the model by constructing a Lyapunov function. The results indicate that the basic reproduction number determines the proliferation of the blockchain technology. When the basic reproduction number is less than 1, the proliferation of the blockchain technology that is applied in supply chain finance system would terminate. By contrast, when the basic reproduction number is greater than 1, during the average infection period, the number of non-adopting enterprises that accept the blockchain technology becomes greater than 1, which can maintain a continuous impact on supply chain finance system. Over time, the number of enterprises that accept blockchain technology tends to be stable. Through numerical simulations that consider the influencing parameters pertaining to the basic regeneration number, which has important effect on blockchain technology diffusion, we enlarge the diffusion efficiency and increase the transfer rate of potential on-chain enterprises or decrease the default exit rate. As a result, we facilitate the diffusion of blockchain technology in the system.

The application of blockchain has become a trend in the development of supply chain finance. Aiming to bridge the gap in the existing literature, this paper investigates a supply chain finance system based on blockchain technology which contains a manufacturer, a retailer and a financial institution and incorporates blockchain costs into the model. Firstly, this paper establishes a supply chain finance model based on blockchain technology and it presents a comparison with the process employed under the traditional model. Secondly, this paper establishes the revenue mathematical model of supply chain finance based on blockchain technology. Thirdly, the optimal decisions of each participant under centralized and decentralized decision-making are proved and obtained, respectively, and the influencing factors of the optimal decisions are analyzed. Finally, the conclusions are verified via simulations. This study finds that, when blockchain is used, the benefits of each participant in the chain are increased. In addition, centralized decision-making, which is more optimal in the traditional model, is also enhanced under blockchain. This paper demonstrates the superiority of blockchain-enabled supply chain finance in terms of model and revenue. This provides some suggestions for companies in the supply chain with regard to solving the problem of financing difficulties.

A government‐market‐public partnership (GMPP) could be a feasible arrangement for providing insurance coverage for natural disaster. Firstly, we put forward GMPP management mode. Secondly, the emergency financial service supply chain for natural disaster risk is built from the view of supply chain. Finally, the objective of this paper is to obtain insights into the cooperative and competitive relationship in GMPP system. We establish the cooperative and competitive differential dynamic evolutionary models and prove the existence of equilibrium solutions in order to solve the coordination problems. In conclusion, the equilibrium solutions can be achieved among the insurers, the operating governments, and the public.