The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adults with overweight and obesity. Twenty-two articles were included by searching six databases, the total number of subjects was 620 in these articles. Outcomes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the Standardized mean difference (SMD) in CVD risk factors. HIIT and MICT resulted in statistically significant reductions in Weight, BMI, fat%, total cholesterol(TC), and improvement in VO_2max. Compared with MICT, subgroup of durations of HIIT training interval ≥2 min can significantly increase VO_2max (SMD = 0.444, 95% CI:0.037~0.851,P = 0.032), subgroup of energy expenditure of HIIT equal to MICT can significantly increase VO_2max (SMD = 0.399, 95% CI:0.106~0.692,P = 0.008). HIIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for improving body composition, VO_2maxand TC, but HIIT spent less time than MICT by 9.7 min on one session. HIIT is superior to MICT in improving cardiopulmonary fitness when durations of HIIT training interval ≥2 min or energy expenditure of HIIT same as MICT. PROSPERO ID: CRD42016045835.

Highly selective magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) for the adsorption of sulfonamides (SAs) were prepared by surface imprinted technology using active Fe₃O₄–chitosan (Fe₃O₄–CS) as the core and a mixture of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as mixed template molecules. The optimum crosslinker types and contents were evaluated based on the analysis of adsorption parameters (Q, K_d and k) and regeneration of the MMIPs. The structure, morphology, magnetism, thermostability, adsorption and recognition properties of the MMIPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and re-binding experiments, respectively. The results showed that the superparamagnetic particles with a homogeneous polymer film exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity (Q_(SMX) = 4.32 mg g⁻¹; Q_(SMZ) = 4.13 mg g⁻¹), good selective recognition of SAs (k_(SMX) = 3.52; k_(SMZ) = 3.83) and a fast adsorption rate (t = 9 min). Furthermore, molecularly imprinted polymers-magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MIPs-MDSPE) coupled with a HPLC method was developed for the enrichment and determination of seven SAs in five different water samples, with recoveries and relative deviations (RSD) ranging from 85.02 to 102.98% and from 2.77 to 6.47%, respectively. SMX was detected in influent and effluent sewage samples, at concentrations of 112 and 64 ng L⁻¹, respectively.

A two-dimensional (2D) molecularly imprinted photonic crystal (MIPC) sensor for the detection of tetracycline in foods was fabricated. The MIPCs were prepared by a thermal polymerization method with polystyrene 2D photonic crystals (2D-PCs) as the template, tetracycline as the template molecule, acrylamide as the functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent. The detection of tetracycline (TC) using the fabricated MIPC sensor was performed through a visual change in the Debye diffraction ring. Typically, the color of the MIPC turned from red to blue with an 11 mm increase in the diameter of the Debye ring when the TC concentration increased to 10⁻⁶ mol L⁻¹. The fabricated sensor exhibited high selectivity for TC with a response time less than 10 min compared to that for similar compounds. The sensor maintained high sensitivity after five recycles with recoveries of TC around 88.4% and 91.0% in pork and milk samples respectively. We envision that the MIPC sensor could be applied for the detection of TC in food samples and other complicated systems.

Objective: To evaluate the best option among traditional Chinese exercises for reducing oxidative stress in middle-aged and older adults, using a network meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases were used. We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on middle-aged and older adults to influence oxidative stress by any traditional Chinese exercises from the beginning to 20 January 2022. A network meta-analysis of randomized control trials was performed comparing the changes in the concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as primary outcomes, following different therapeutic interventions with traditional Chinese exercises in middle-aged and older adults over 30 years old. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to assess the correlation between each group of interventions, and surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) was used to rank the best interventions. Results: The meta-analysis comprised 15 trials with a total of 927 participants and six interventions: (Wuqinxi (WQX), Baduanjin (BDJ), Tai Ji Quan (TJQ), Yijinjing (YJJ), Mawangdui Daoyin (MWD), and no exercise intervention (NEI)). Regarding GPX: WQX [SMD = 2.79 (1.75, 3.83)], TJQ [SMD = 0.47 (0.23, 0.70)], YJJ [SMD = 1.78 (1.18, 2.37)], MWD [SMD = 1.89 (1.36, 2.43)] were superior in increasing GPX relative to NEI. Regarding MDA: WQX [SMD = 1.68 (0.94, 2.42)], YJJ [SMD = 0.99 (0.28, 1.69)] were superior in reducing MDA relative to NEI. Regarding SOD: WQX [SMD = 1.05 (0.10, 2.01)] were superior in increasing SOD relative to NEI. WQX topped the SUCRA with GPX: 0.97, MDA: 0.91, and SOD: 0.94. Furthermore, WQX was more effective than TJQ in interfering with GPX [SMD = 2.32 (1.26, 3.39)] and MDA [SMD = 1.47 (0.26, 2.67)], and a significantly better intervention effect on SOD than YJJ [SMD = 1.52 (0.80, 2.24)] and MWD [SMD = 0.89 (0.03, 1.75)]. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese exercise can help middle-aged and older adults reduce oxidative stress. WQX may be the best traditional Chinese exercise of the exercises evaluated for reducing oxidative stress in middle-aged and older adults.

Obesity-related chronic inflammation is closely related to the ability of immune cells to adapt to the body’s needs, research has shown that excess FAs can further activate pro-inflammatory transcription factors in the nucleus by interacting with various receptors such as CD36 and TLR4, thereby affecting the inflammatory state of cells. However, how the profile of various fatty acids in the blood of obese individuals is associated with chronic inflammation remains unclear. Objective: The biomarkers associated with obesity were identified from 40 fatty acids (FAs) in the blood, and analyze the relationship between the biomarkers and chronic inflammation. Furthermore, by analyzing the difference in the expression of CD36, TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between obese and standard weight people, understand that immunophenotype PBMC is associated with chronic inflammation. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from the Yangzhou Lipan weight loss training camp from May 2020 to July 2020. The sample size was 52 individuals, including 25 in the normal weight group and 27 in the obesity group. Individuals with obesity and controls of normal weight were recruited to identify biomarkers associated with obesity from 40 fatty acids in the blood; correlation analysis was conducted between the screened potential biomarkers FAs and the chronic inflammation index hs-CRP to identify FA biomarkers associated with chronic inflammation. Changes in the fatty acid receptor CD36, inflammatory receptor TLR4, and inflammatory nuclear transcription factor NF-κB p65 in PBMC subsets were used to further test the relationship between fatty acids and the inflammatory state in individuals with obesity. Results: 23 potential FA biomarkers for obesity were screened, eleven of the potential obesity biomarkers were also significantly related to hs-CRP. Compared to the control group, in monocytes the obesity group expressed higher TLR4, CD36, and NF-κB p65 in lymphocytes, the obesity group expressed higher TLR4 and CD36; and in granulocytes the obesity group expressed higher CD36. Conclusion: Blood FAs are associated with obesity and are associated with chronic inflammation through increased CD36, TLR4, and NF-κB p65 in monocytes.