This paper identifies and examines the latest research on renewable energy in Poland, reviewing articles published between 2021 and 2023 indexed in the Scopus database. It analyzes 124 papers, categorizing them into 11 thematic areas which include (1) energy production, (2) energy consumption, (3) energy policy, (4) sustainable development activities, (5) technology and engineering, (6) energy storage, (7) powering vehicles, (8) awareness and attitude regarding energy, (9) finances and investments, (10) emission, and (11) other. The main objective was to analyze the state of the current research on renewables in Poland. The results highlight significant progress in renewable energy capacity, particularly in wind and solar power, driven by national policies, EU funding, and growing public support. The analysis also reveals persistent challenges related to technology, infrastructure, and policy. The authors critically evaluate the research’s relevance to Poland’s energy sector and globally. They also refer to issue of non-renewable energy sources, which, despite the development of the RES sector, still play a dominant role in the Polish energy economy. Due to this, the article not only describes the state of knowledge, but also formulates conclusions on the real needs and opportunities for the further development of energy in Poland.

The goal of the research was to study the possibility of using the planned language Esperanto for text compression, and to compare the results of the text compression in Esperanto with the compression in natural languages, represented by Polish and English. The authors performed text compression in the created program in Python using four compression algorithms: zlib, lzma, bz2, and zl4 in four versions of the text: in Polish, English, Esperanto, and Esperanto in x notation (without characters outside ASCII encoding). After creating the compression program, and compressing the proper texts, authors conducted an analysis on the comparison of compression time and the volume of the text before and after compression. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis, based on which the planned language, Esperanto, gives better text compression results than the natural languages represented by Polish and English. The confirmation by scientific methods that Esperanto is more optimal for text compression is the scientific added value of the paper.

Smart monitoring of local electricity systems (LESs) with sources based on renewable energy resources (RESs) from the point of view of the requirements of the functions of an intelligent system are hardware and software systems that can solve the tasks of both analysis (optimization) and synthesis (design, planning, control). The article considers the following: a functional scheme of smart monitoring of LESs, describing its main components and scope of application; an assessment of the state of the processes and the state of the equipment of generators and loads; dynamic pricing and a dynamic assessment of the state of use of primary fuel and/or current costs of generators; economic efficiency of generator operation and loads; an assessment of environmental acceptability, in particular, the volume of CO₂ emissions; provides demand-side management, managing maximum energy consumption; a forecast of system development; an assessment of mutual flows of electricity; system resistance to disturbances; a forecast of metrological indicators, potential opportunities for generating RESs (wind power plants, solar power plants, etc.); an assessment of current costs; the state of electromagnetic compatibility of system elements and operation of electricity storage devices; and ensures work on local electricity markets. The application of smart monitoring in the formation of tariffs on local energy markets for transactive energy systems is shown by conducting a combined comprehensive assessment of the energy produced by each individual power source with graphs of the dependence of costs on the generated power. Algorithms for the comprehensive assessment of the cost of electricity production in a transactive system for calculating planned costs are developed, and the calculation of the cost of production per 1 kW is also presented. A visualization of the results of applying this algorithm is presented.

This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of three prevalent materials used in 3D printing. PLA (Polylactic Acid), ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), and PET-G (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol). The study includes strength testing using a tensile testing machine. Beginning with the selection of the input material used in 3D printing process, the research aimed to provide insights into the strength properties of these materials. Autodesk Fusion 360 software was used for the precise design of the 3D model, ensuring suitability for subsequent tensile testing. The physical samples were then printed using 3D printing technology. The samples were subjected to a strength examination using a tensile testing machine. The data collection phase recorded and compiled the results of each strength test, forming the foundation for a comprehensive analysis. Using statistical methods and comparative analyzes, the data were thoroughly examined, allowing the derivation of conclusive observations and insights into the comparative strengths of PLA, ABS, and PET-G. The findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of material performance, but also provide a guide for material selection in 3D printing applications, guiding future research endeavors and industry applications in the ever-evolving landscape of additive manufacturing.