Introduction. In individuals with urinary tract infections, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an ubiquitous causative agent and antibiotic resistance is on the rise throughout the world. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate choice of antimicrobials are essential. The purpose of our study is to describe some of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the laboratory test results of children treated in our hospital for urinary tract infections caused by E. coli. Methods. The study included 128 patients from 2 months to 15 years of age with urinary tract infections caused by E. coli and treated at the Haiphong Childrens Hospital during the periods of 20112013 and 20182020. Results. During the two study periods, 57 and 71 cases, respectively, were included. The most common clinical symptom was fever in 40 and 46 cases, respectively. The proportion of E. colis resistance to ampicillin increased from 85.3 in 20112013 to 97.1 in 20182020. In 20112013, 70.5 of E. coli isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole, which increased to 81.4 during 20182020. During both periods, E. coli was highly sensitive to amikacin, at 87 and 95.5, respectively. In 20182020, carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem) and piperacillin were also effective against E. coli. Conclusion. Our study revealed that high fever was the most prevalent clinical characteristic in urinary tract infections caused by E. coli in children and E. coli was mostly resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and cotrimoxazole but was highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, amikacin, piperacillin, meropenem, and imipenem.

Introduction. Bronchiolitis is the most prevalent cause of hospitalization in infants under the age of 12 months. The disease is caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which can cause breathing difficulties and respiratory failure. Therefore, it is necessary to discover the risk factors of severe bronchiolitis to diagnose and treat promptly. This study is aimed at describing the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of acute bronchiolitis caused by RSV and assessing the related factors to severe acute bronchiolitis in studied patients. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Haiphong Children’s Hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam, for one year, from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2017. All bronchiolitis were included. Results. 377 children were evaluated, including 261 boys and 116 girls; children under 6 months accounted for the highest proportion (57%), and 47 (12.5%) of all patients had severe disease. Wheezing was the main reason to be taken to the hospital 261 (69.2%). Clinical symptoms of acute bronchiolitis such as cough, tachypnea, and runny nose were found in all patients. Bronchiolitis cases increased in the winter-spring season, and the highest registered number of patients was 42 in March. Image of bronchiolitis on chest X-ray was found in all patients, and air trapping lung was found in 124 (32.9%) patients. The risk factors included age (≤6 months), low birth weight, preterm birth, nonbreastfeeding for the first six months, early weaning, and exposition to cigarette smoke increased the severe disease ( ). Conclusion. The number of hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis caused by RSV has an upward trend during the winter-spring season (from October to March). This study confirms that age, preterm birth, breastfeeding under 6 months, history of exposure to cigarette smoking, low birth weight, having sibling(s) under five years old going to kindergarten, history of undergoing cesarean section, history of mechanical ventilation, poor living condition, and maternal education are 10 risk factors of severe bronchiolitis caused by RSV.

Introduction. Children are most often harmed by acute poisoning, which may cause disability or even death. This demonstrates the critical necessity for epidemiologic studies specific to each nation and area since they aid in developing plans for the prevention of acute poisoning. There are no data or outdated data on acute poisoning in children in Vietnam. This research would partly fill this existing gap and compare the trend with other places across the globe. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted in the 10-year period from 2012 to 2021 in Haiphong Children’s Hospital, Vietnam. Results. There were 771 children hospitalized due to acute poisoning. Children in the 1–5-year-old group accounted for the highest rate, at 506 (65.6%). The mean age was years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2/1. Nonpharmaceutical chemicals were the most common agent in 331 cases (42.9%), including cleaning products 63 (19.0%), rat poison 60 (18.1%), and petrol 42 (12.7%). Medications were the second most common agent in 290 cases (37.6%), mostly paracetamol 60 (20.7%) and sedatives 40 (13.8%). There were 633 (82.1%) children exposed to poisons unintentionally. Conclusion. Children between the ages of 1 and 5 are more likely to be exposed to harmful substances. The most common agents were nonpharmaceutical chemicals followed by pharmaceuticals. Most incidents were inadvertent. Finally, our research may provide insights that public health authorities might use to plan practical actions.

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a primary immune deficiency characterized by recurrent bacterial infections and profoundly depressed serum immunoglobulin levels and circulating mature B cells. It is caused by mutations of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene and is the most common form of inherited antibody deficiency. To our knowledge, this is the first report of XLA from Vietnam.

The congenital immune system includes neutrophils, which perform a variety of functions. Congenital and acquired neutropenia are rare illnesses with an underestimated prevalence in children. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiology and etiology of febrile neutropenia in children at Haiphong Children’s Hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 421 febrile neutropenia children. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were examined. Results: The median age (IQR) was 25.0 (12.5–59.5) months. The male-to-female ratio was 1.35/1. There were twice as many children living in the suburbs (66.98%) as in urban areas (33.02%). The mean (SD) temperature at admission was 38.50 ± 0.59 °C. Diagnosed causes associated with neutropenia included acute respiratory infections 250 (59.45%), gastrointestinal infections 68 (16.1%), erythema 37 (8.79%), acute leukemia 15 (3.56%), urinary tract infection 5 (1.19%), and encephalitis/meningitis 4 (0.95%). Viral etiology accounted for 61.52% (259): influenza type A—50.19% (130), influenza type B—31.27% (81), dengue virus—14.67% (38), measles virus 1—93% (5), rotavirus—1.54% (4), and EBV—0.4% (1). Twenty-five patients (5.94%) were found to have bacteria in their cultures, with Streptococcus pneumonia being the most common (eight patients; 32%). Conclusions: Febrile neutropenia was common in children under 2 years old. Primary clinical manifestations were acute upper respiratory tract infections, and viruses most commonly caused febrile neutropenia. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine the cause of febrile neutropenia.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components among overweight adults in a rural region Vietnam based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 2005 and the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) 2009 definitions, and determine the level of agreement between these definitions. Methods: A sample of 1076 overweight adults aged 50-65 in 10 randomly selected communes in Phu Ly district, Hanam province, Vietnam were selected into the study. Study participants were collected fasting venous blood samples by certified phlebotomists. Anthropometric measures were also performed to obtain weight, height, waist circumference. MetS was defined using the IDF (2005), and the JIS (2009) definitions. The level of agreement between the two definitions was indicated by the sensitivity, specificity, and the Kappa index. Results: The prevalence of MetS among the overweight adults was 41.6%, and 44.0% based on the IDF (2005), and the JIS (2009) definition, respectively. The MetS prevalence among females was higher than that among males in the two definitions. The level of agreement between the two definitions was excellent (Kappa index = 0.987, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The JIS (2009) definition identified more Vietnamese overweight adults with MetS compared to the IDF (2005) criteria, 44.0%, and 41.6%, respectively. Females showed to be having higher prevalence in comparison to males regardless the definitions used. Excellent agreement between the two criteria was found.