The prevalence rates of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) vary widely, ranging from 14.0 to 55.1%. Our aim is to calculate the overall prevalence of FOG in all PD patients with different disease durations and severities. Using Medline/PubMed/Embase, we carried out a systematic literature search for studies reporting the PD and clinically relevant FOG. After primary screening, a total of 35 studies were identified and further analyzed for inclusion into the analysis, and 29 studies fulfilled the quality criteria and included in this meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of FOG in PD was 39.9% (95% CI 35.3-44.5%). The FOG identified by the freezing of gait questionnaire item 3 may be more prevalent (43.8%, 95% CI 38.5-49.1%) than the FOG identified by the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale item 14 (36.0%, 95% CI 29.0-43.1%). Disease duration and severity are both the clinical features associated with the FOG. The highest FOG prevalence rate in PD patients was seen in patients with disease durations ≥ 10 years, at 70.8%, followed that of PD patients with disease durations ≥ 5 years (53.3%), and PD patients with disease durations < 5 years (22.4%). FOG presented in 28.4% of PD patients with Hoehn and Yahr staging (H&Y) score ≤ 2.5, and in 68.4% of PD patients with H&Y score ≥ 2.5. This meta-analysis confirms that the prevalence of FOG in PD is considerable, and highlights the need for accurate identification of FOG in PD.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation and clinical significance of preoperative fibrinogen and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (F-NLR) scoring system with 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with atypical meningioma. Materials and Methods: Clinical, pathological, radiological, and laboratory variables were collected to analyze their correlation with 3-year PFS in the training set with 163 patients. Patients were classified by different F-NLR scores (0, 1, or 2). External validation for the predictive value of F-NLR scoring system was performed in the validation set with 105 patients. Results: Overall, 37.3% (100 of 268) of the enrolled patients were male. The scoring system showed good performance in predicting 3-year PFS (AUC = 0.872, 95%CI = 0.811–0.919, sensitivity = 66.1%, specificity = 93.3%, and Youden index = 0.594). DeLong’s test indicated that the AUC of F-NLR scoring system was significantly greater than that of fibrinogen level and NLR (Z = 2.929, P = 0.003; Z = 3.376, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that tumor size (HR = 1.39, 95%CI = 1.10–1.76, P = 0.007), tumor location (HR = 3.11, 95%CI = 1.60–6.95, P = 0.001), and F-NLR score (score of 1: HR = 12.78, 95%CI = 3.78–43.08, P < 0.001; score of 2: HR = 44.58, 95%CI = 13.02–152.65, P < 0.001) remained significantly associated with 3-year PFS. The good predictive performance of F-NLR scoring system was also demonstrated in the validation set (AUC = 0.824, 95%CI = 0.738–0.891, sensitivity = 62.5%, specificity = 87.9%, and Youden index = 0.504). Conclusion: Our study confirmed the correlation and clinical significance of preoperative F-NLR scoring system with 3-year PFS of patients with atypical meningioma. A prospective and large-scale study is required to validate our findings.

Tumefactive demyelinating lesion (TDL) is an immune-mediated disease which can be misdiagnosed as glioma. At present, there is no study comparing difference between the two disorders at the cellular level. Here, we perform integrative and comparative single-cell RNA sequencing (ScRNA-seq) transcriptomic analysis on TDL and glioma lesions. At single-cell resolution, TDL is comprised primarily of immune cells, which is completely different from glioma. The integrated analysis reveals a TDL-specific microglial subset involving in B cell activation and proliferation. Comparative analysis highlights remyelination function of glial cells and demyelination function of T cells in TDL. Subclustering and pseudotime trajectory analysis of T cells in TDL reveal their heterogeneity and diverse functions involving in TDL pathogenesis and recovery process. Our study identifies substantial differences between TDL and glioma at single-cell resolution. The observed heterogeneity and potentially diverse functions of cells in TDL may be critical in disease progression.