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Dr. Roope Husgafvel
Aalto University, Espoo, Finland

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0 Sustainability Management
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0 Sustainable Development
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Sustainability
circular economy
Sustainability Management
Sustainable Development
sustainability assessment

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Preprint content
Published: 02 July 2021
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The current enthusiasm for circular economy (CE) offers a unique opportunity to advance the impact of research on sustainability transitions. Diverse interpretations of CE by scholars, however, produce partly opposing assessments of its potential benefits, which can hinder progress. Here, we synthesize policy-relevant lessons and research directions for a sustainable CE and identify three narratives – optimist, reformist and skeptical – that underpin the ambiguity in CE assessments. Based on 54 key CE scholars’ insights, we identify three research needs: the articulation and discussion of ontologically distinct CE narratives; bridging of technical, managerial, socio-economic, environmental and political CE perspectives; and critical assessment of opportunities and limits of CE science-policy interactions. Our findings offer practical guidance for scholars to engage reflexively with the rapid expansion of CE knowledge, identify and pursue high-impact research directions, and communicate more effectively with practitioners and policymakers.

ACS Style

Sina Leipold; Anna Petit-Boix; Anran Luo; Hanna Helander; Machteld Simoens; Weslynne Ashton; Callie Babbitt; Alba Bala; Catharina Bening; Morten Birkved; Fenna Blomsma; Casper Boks; Alessio Boldrin; Pauline Deutz; Teresa Domenech; Navarro Ferronato; Alejandro Gallego-Schmid; Damien Giurco; Kersty Hobson; Roope Husgafvel; Cynthia Isenhour; Mait Kriipsalu; Donato Masi; Joan Manuel F Mendoza; Leonidas Milios; Monia Niero; Deepak Pant; Keshav Parajuly; Stefan Pauliuk; Marina Pieroni; Jessika Richter; Michael Saidani; Marzena Smol; Laura Talens Peiró; Stijn Van Ewijk; Walter Vermeulen; Dominik Wiedenhofer; Bing Xue. Lessons, narratives and research directions for a sustainable circular economy. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Sina Leipold, Anna Petit-Boix, Anran Luo, Hanna Helander, Machteld Simoens, Weslynne Ashton, Callie Babbitt, Alba Bala, Catharina Bening, Morten Birkved, Fenna Blomsma, Casper Boks, Alessio Boldrin, Pauline Deutz, Teresa Domenech, Navarro Ferronato, Alejandro Gallego-Schmid, Damien Giurco, Kersty Hobson, Roope Husgafvel, Cynthia Isenhour, Mait Kriipsalu, Donato Masi, Joan Manuel F Mendoza, Leonidas Milios, Monia Niero, Deepak Pant, Keshav Parajuly, Stefan Pauliuk, Marina Pieroni, Jessika Richter, Michael Saidani, Marzena Smol, Laura Talens Peiró, Stijn Van Ewijk, Walter Vermeulen, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Bing Xue. Lessons, narratives and research directions for a sustainable circular economy. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sina Leipold; Anna Petit-Boix; Anran Luo; Hanna Helander; Machteld Simoens; Weslynne Ashton; Callie Babbitt; Alba Bala; Catharina Bening; Morten Birkved; Fenna Blomsma; Casper Boks; Alessio Boldrin; Pauline Deutz; Teresa Domenech; Navarro Ferronato; Alejandro Gallego-Schmid; Damien Giurco; Kersty Hobson; Roope Husgafvel; Cynthia Isenhour; Mait Kriipsalu; Donato Masi; Joan Manuel F Mendoza; Leonidas Milios; Monia Niero; Deepak Pant; Keshav Parajuly; Stefan Pauliuk; Marina Pieroni; Jessika Richter; Michael Saidani; Marzena Smol; Laura Talens Peiró; Stijn Van Ewijk; Walter Vermeulen; Dominik Wiedenhofer; Bing Xue. 2021. "Lessons, narratives and research directions for a sustainable circular economy." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Roope Husgafvel; Lauri Linkosalmi; Olli Dahl. Company perspectives on the development of the CE in the seafaring sector and the Kainuu region in Finland. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 186, 673 -681.

AMA Style

Roope Husgafvel, Lauri Linkosalmi, Olli Dahl. Company perspectives on the development of the CE in the seafaring sector and the Kainuu region in Finland. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 186 ():673-681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roope Husgafvel; Lauri Linkosalmi; Olli Dahl. 2018. "Company perspectives on the development of the CE in the seafaring sector and the Kainuu region in Finland." Journal of Cleaner Production 186, no. : 673-681.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The circular economy is among the key contemporary policy goals both in Europe and in Finland. Therefore, sustainability and life cycle thinking are increasingly the center of attention. In addition, wood and bioproduct companies have faced many challenges in Finland and the closure or restructuring of many large-scale industrial sites have caused many regional changes for both society and the private sector. The EU's targets to promote the circular economy and become a recycling society bring about many changes and provide new opportunities. This study addresses two different components of circular economy development in the forest sector through case studies. The first case study was a regional study on sustainability driven competitive advantage within forest sector companies and the method applied was a questionnaire survey targeted at both large and small forest sector companies in the Kymenlaakso region. The second case study was about the potential for cascading recovered solid wood in wood products and wood working companies and the method employed was interviewing company and association representatives. The findings of the first case study indicate that material and energy efficiency are important in the context of circular economy and bioeconomy development. They also indicate the importance of EU and national level public steering and sustainability considerations and that there is a need for more focus on life cycle thinking in the future. The findings of the second case study indicate that without inducements, legislative obligations or demand from the construction sector or other customers, the potential for the wide-scale cascading of solid wood in Finland is very limited. The most promising cascading opportunities are the reuse and preparing for reuse of wooden packages and furniture. In addition, the results suggest that life-cycle-assessment for different end-of-life scenarios for solid wood products could give more reliable information about different options from an environmental point of view.

ACS Style

R. Husgafvel; L. Linkosalmi; Mark Hughes; J. Kanerva; O. Dahl. Forest sector circular economy development in Finland: A regional study on sustainability driven competitive advantage and an assessment of the potential for cascading recovered solid wood. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 181, 483 -497.

AMA Style

R. Husgafvel, L. Linkosalmi, Mark Hughes, J. Kanerva, O. Dahl. Forest sector circular economy development in Finland: A regional study on sustainability driven competitive advantage and an assessment of the potential for cascading recovered solid wood. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 181 ():483-497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Husgafvel; L. Linkosalmi; Mark Hughes; J. Kanerva; O. Dahl. 2018. "Forest sector circular economy development in Finland: A regional study on sustainability driven competitive advantage and an assessment of the potential for cascading recovered solid wood." Journal of Cleaner Production 181, no. : 483-497.

Journal article
Published: 22 September 2017 in Sustainability
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Regionally, there has been a lot of focus on the advancement of sustainable arctic industry and circular economy activities within process industry in the Finnish Lapland. In this study, collaboration between university and industry was established facilitated by regional development actors to develop and pilot test a sustainability assessment approach taking into account previous work in this field. The industry partners in this study were a biorefinery investment in the first case and a slag processing service in the second case. As a result of the joint efforts, novel sets of environmental and economic sustainability assessment indicators and associated sub-indicators were developed and the existing set of social indicators was updated. Moreover, environmental and social sustainability assessments were implemented in the biorefinery case accompanied by a separate evaluation of regional economic impacts. In the slag processing case, environmental, economic and social sustainability were assessed. The results of the sustainability assessments indicated very good level of overall performance in both cases. However, specific elements that contributed to lower level of performance included lack of specific sustainability management and reporting approaches and need for better performance in supply chain sustainability, monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, life cycle thinking and circular economy training. The expected effects of the planned investment on the regional economy were very positive based on the results of the evaluation.

ACS Style

Roope Husgafvel; Kari Poikela; Juha Honkatukia; Olli Dahl. Development and Piloting of Sustainability Assessment Metrics for Arctic Process Industry in Finland—The Biorefinery Investment and Slag Processing Service Cases. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1693 .

AMA Style

Roope Husgafvel, Kari Poikela, Juha Honkatukia, Olli Dahl. Development and Piloting of Sustainability Assessment Metrics for Arctic Process Industry in Finland—The Biorefinery Investment and Slag Processing Service Cases. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (10):1693.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roope Husgafvel; Kari Poikela; Juha Honkatukia; Olli Dahl. 2017. "Development and Piloting of Sustainability Assessment Metrics for Arctic Process Industry in Finland—The Biorefinery Investment and Slag Processing Service Cases." Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1693.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Highlights•Life cycle approaches have great potential to support the development of novel symbiosis products.•GWP results indicate the low impact of the novel symbiosis product.•EU and national level drivers play a major role. AbstractThe forest products industry generates several residues in addition to actual products and many of these residues such as fly ash generated by bioenergy production and sludge from the waste water purification processes can be used after being properly treated. This study focused on a hypothetical case in which fly ash from bioenergy production and sludge from forest products industry waste water treatment would be granulated and produced into a forest fertilizer. The Waste Policy of the European Union and growing focus on circular economy goals both support more efficient use of industrial waste and side products and is a major driver for companies towards better material efficiency. This study assessed the global warming potential (GWP) of a potential symbiosis product based on a hypothetical granulating process including two industrial residue streams and briefly examined the drivers of the EU and Finnish policy and legal frameworks for recycling of industrial residues and for their usage as secondary raw materials for potential symbiosis products.The results indicated that the production of 1000 kg of potential symbiosis granules in our model case produced GWP burdens of 11.75 (kg CO2-equiv.). As an example, the production of the already existing NPK-fertilizers produced a GWP burden of 1304.92 (kg CO2-equiv.). Our system boundary was the actual manufacturing process. We also compared different fertilizers based on their fertilizer effect including determination of the composition of the elements in relation to the commercial fertilizer composition. The results indicate that even if the amount of the granulated ash fertilizer was bigger, the amount of environmental burden it produced was much lower. Therefore, the production of the potential symbiosis product could have benefits in terms of GWP results and overall environmental performance when compared to use of primary raw materials.

ACS Style

Roope Husgafvel; Essi Karjalainen; Lauri Linkosalmi; Olli Dahl. Recycling industrial residue streams into a potential new symbiosis product – The case of soil amelioration granules. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 135, 90 -96.

AMA Style

Roope Husgafvel, Essi Karjalainen, Lauri Linkosalmi, Olli Dahl. Recycling industrial residue streams into a potential new symbiosis product – The case of soil amelioration granules. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 135 ():90-96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roope Husgafvel; Essi Karjalainen; Lauri Linkosalmi; Olli Dahl. 2016. "Recycling industrial residue streams into a potential new symbiosis product – The case of soil amelioration granules." Journal of Cleaner Production 135, no. : 90-96.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Highlights•The first time GWP assessment was done for microcrystalline cellulose manufacturing systems.•Traditional manufacturing processes gave the highest GWP results compared to novel ones.•Pulp, heat, ammonia and electricity of processes contribute to a very large share of the GWP results.•A solution inside the system could lower the GWP, e.g. methane production from side streams instead of burning. AbstractIn this study, we conducted a comparative global warming potential assessment of eight microcrystalline cellulose manufacturing systems using life cycle assessment software and global warming potential (GWP) as a measure of environmental burden. The studied systems included both non-integrated (stand-alone system) and integrated (located within the chemical pulp mill) manufacturing systems. The results indicate that the Non-integrated AaltoCell™ system has lower GWP than the Non-integrated market MCC systems as well as slightly lower GWP than the AaltoCell™ plant integrated to chemical pulp mill systems. However, the lowest GWP was produced by the AaltoCell™ plant integrated to chemical pulp mill due to use of unbleached pulp as a raw material. Our results indicate that the relative shares of chemical pulp, heat, ammonia and electricity processes contribute to a very large share of the GWP results. Chemical pulp has the biggest influence on GWP results, but it is also the main raw material. Comparison of manufacturing without chemical pulp production indicates that heat energy and ammonia have the biggest impacts.

ACS Style

Roope Husgafvel; Kari Vanhatalo; Lourdes Rodriguez-Chiang; Lauri Linkosalmi; Olli Dahl. Comparative global warming potential assessment of eight microcrystalline cellulose manufacturing systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 126, 620 -629.

AMA Style

Roope Husgafvel, Kari Vanhatalo, Lourdes Rodriguez-Chiang, Lauri Linkosalmi, Olli Dahl. Comparative global warming potential assessment of eight microcrystalline cellulose manufacturing systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 126 ():620-629.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roope Husgafvel; Kari Vanhatalo; Lourdes Rodriguez-Chiang; Lauri Linkosalmi; Olli Dahl. 2016. "Comparative global warming potential assessment of eight microcrystalline cellulose manufacturing systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 126, no. : 620-629.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Lauri Linkosalmi; Roope Husgafvel; Anna Fomkin; Hilppa Junnikkala; Tiina Witikkala; Matti Kairi; Olli Dahl. Main factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions of wood-based furniture industry in Finland. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 113, 596 -605.

AMA Style

Lauri Linkosalmi, Roope Husgafvel, Anna Fomkin, Hilppa Junnikkala, Tiina Witikkala, Matti Kairi, Olli Dahl. Main factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions of wood-based furniture industry in Finland. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 113 ():596-605.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lauri Linkosalmi; Roope Husgafvel; Anna Fomkin; Hilppa Junnikkala; Tiina Witikkala; Matti Kairi; Olli Dahl. 2016. "Main factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions of wood-based furniture industry in Finland." Journal of Cleaner Production 113, no. : 596-605.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2015 in Journal of Industrial Ecology
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This study assesses the policy/legal status of both multistream residues and potential secondary products (“symbiosis products”) and whether there could be environmental benefits associated with the utilization of residues from integrated pulp and paper and carbon steel mills as raw materials for such secondary products. Waste-related European Union (EU) and Finnish policy and legal instruments were reviewed to identify potential constraints for, and suggested next steps in, the development of potential process industry residue-based symbiosis products. The products were soil amendment pellets, low-grade concrete, and mine filler. A global warming potential (GWP) assessment and an exergy analysis were applied to these potential symbiosis products. Some indicative GWP calculations of greenhouse gas emissions associating similar and/or analogous products based on virgin primary raw materials, more energy-intensive processes, and the alternative treatment of these residues as wastes are also presented. This study addresses GWP, exergy, and legal aspects in a holistic manner to determine the potential environmental benefits of secondary products within the EU legal framework. The GWP assessment and exergy analysis indicate that the utilization of multistream residues causes very low environmental burdens in terms of GWP. The utilization option can have potential environmental benefits in terms of GWP through process replacement and avoided landfilling and waste treatment impacts, as well as potentially through emission reductions from product replacement if suitable and safe applications can be identified. Waste regulation does not define the legal requirements under which utilizing residues in such novel concepts as introduced in this study would be possible, nor how waste status could be removed and product-based legislation be applied to the potential products instead.

ACS Style

R. Husgafvel; H. Nordlund; Mikko Mäkelä; G. Watkins; O. Dahl; J. Heino; I.‐L. Paavola. Use of Symbiosis Products from Integrated Pulp and Paper and Carbon Steel Mills: Legal Status and Environmental Burdens. Journal of Industrial Ecology 2015, 20, 1187 -1198.

AMA Style

R. Husgafvel, H. Nordlund, Mikko Mäkelä, G. Watkins, O. Dahl, J. Heino, I.‐L. Paavola. Use of Symbiosis Products from Integrated Pulp and Paper and Carbon Steel Mills: Legal Status and Environmental Burdens. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2015; 20 (5):1187-1198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Husgafvel; H. Nordlund; Mikko Mäkelä; G. Watkins; O. Dahl; J. Heino; I.‐L. Paavola. 2015. "Use of Symbiosis Products from Integrated Pulp and Paper and Carbon Steel Mills: Legal Status and Environmental Burdens." Journal of Industrial Ecology 20, no. 5: 1187-1198.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2014 in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
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ACS Style

Roope Husgafvel; Nani Pajunen; Kirsi Virtanen; Inga-Liisa Paavola; Minna Päällysaho; Ville Inkinen; Kari Heiskanen; Olli Dahl; Ari Ekroos. Social sustainability performance indicators – experiences from process industry. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2014, 8, 14 -25.

AMA Style

Roope Husgafvel, Nani Pajunen, Kirsi Virtanen, Inga-Liisa Paavola, Minna Päällysaho, Ville Inkinen, Kari Heiskanen, Olli Dahl, Ari Ekroos. Social sustainability performance indicators – experiences from process industry. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2014; 8 (1):14-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roope Husgafvel; Nani Pajunen; Kirsi Virtanen; Inga-Liisa Paavola; Minna Päällysaho; Ville Inkinen; Kari Heiskanen; Olli Dahl; Ari Ekroos. 2014. "Social sustainability performance indicators – experiences from process industry." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 8, no. 1: 14-25.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Environment and Water Resource Management / 813: Modelling and Simulation / 814: Power and Energy Systems / 815: Health Informatics
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ACS Style

Mikko Martikka; Roope Husgafvel; Olli Dahl; Andrade Egas; Natasha Ribeiro. Study Module Development on Environmental Engineering – Experiences from Mozambican and Finnish Higher Education Collaboration. Environment and Water Resource Management / 813: Modelling and Simulation / 814: Power and Energy Systems / 815: Health Informatics 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Mikko Martikka, Roope Husgafvel, Olli Dahl, Andrade Egas, Natasha Ribeiro. Study Module Development on Environmental Engineering – Experiences from Mozambican and Finnish Higher Education Collaboration. Environment and Water Resource Management / 813: Modelling and Simulation / 814: Power and Energy Systems / 815: Health Informatics. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikko Martikka; Roope Husgafvel; Olli Dahl; Andrade Egas; Natasha Ribeiro. 2014. "Study Module Development on Environmental Engineering – Experiences from Mozambican and Finnish Higher Education Collaboration." Environment and Water Resource Management / 813: Modelling and Simulation / 814: Power and Energy Systems / 815: Health Informatics , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 31 July 2013 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Sustainability has become a major focus area within forest products industry. The European operational environment and national environmental steering in EU member states highlight the importance of sustainable development and the development of associated new management approaches to promote sustainability. This article reviews some key elements of sustainability management, covering examples of both Finnish forest products industry initiatives and public environmental steering at the European level. An assessment is made of the current situation and an outline of a future outlook for sustainability management, with special emphasis on bridging the gap between industry initiatives and environmental steering in the form of legislation, policies and strategies at the EU level. This study applied a hybrid approach comprising a review of EU sustainability initiatives, a policy and legal review and a questionnaire survey of forest industry actors. The results of the future outlook indicate that energy efficiency is perceived to be the most important focus area in addition to e.g. environmental and waste management and recycling. Less than half of the companies aim at applying sustainability management. Life-cycle management is also considered to be important whereas product-based approaches, climate change and local industrial symbiosis receive very little attention. All responding companies aim to integrate the principles of sustainability into their operations and most companies consider that life-cycle thinking, management and assessment are useful for them. Energy efficiency is identified as the most important focus area with energy and materials efficiency seen as the most crucial factors for the achievement of responsible competitive advantage and building of sustainable value-added. The findings indicate that sustainability and life-cycle management are not receiving enough management focus at the moment and neither is the industry receiving enough guidance at either the EU level or via national steering and regulatory frameworks.

ACS Style

R. Husgafvel; G. Watkins; L. Linkosalmi; O. Dahl. Review of sustainability management initiatives within Finnish forest products industry companies—Translating Eu level steering into proactive initiatives. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2013, 76, 1 -11.

AMA Style

R. Husgafvel, G. Watkins, L. Linkosalmi, O. Dahl. Review of sustainability management initiatives within Finnish forest products industry companies—Translating Eu level steering into proactive initiatives. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2013; 76 ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Husgafvel; G. Watkins; L. Linkosalmi; O. Dahl. 2013. "Review of sustainability management initiatives within Finnish forest products industry companies—Translating Eu level steering into proactive initiatives." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 76, no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2013 in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering
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ACS Style

Roope Husgafvel; Nani Pajunen; Minna Päällysaho; Inga-Liisa Paavola; Ville Inkinen; Kari Heiskanen; Olli Dahl; Ari Ekroos. Social metrics in the process industry: background, theory and development work. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2013, 7, 171 -182.

AMA Style

Roope Husgafvel, Nani Pajunen, Minna Päällysaho, Inga-Liisa Paavola, Ville Inkinen, Kari Heiskanen, Olli Dahl, Ari Ekroos. Social metrics in the process industry: background, theory and development work. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering. 2013; 7 (2):171-182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roope Husgafvel; Nani Pajunen; Minna Päällysaho; Inga-Liisa Paavola; Ville Inkinen; Kari Heiskanen; Olli Dahl; Ari Ekroos. 2013. "Social metrics in the process industry: background, theory and development work." International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 7, no. 2: 171-182.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2013 in Minerals Engineering
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N. Pajunen; G. Watkins; Roope Husgafvel; K. Heiskanen; O. Dahl. The challenge to overcome institutional barriers in the development of industrial residue based novel symbiosis products – Experiences from Finnish process industry. Minerals Engineering 2013, 46-47, 144 -156.

AMA Style

N. Pajunen, G. Watkins, Roope Husgafvel, K. Heiskanen, O. Dahl. The challenge to overcome institutional barriers in the development of industrial residue based novel symbiosis products – Experiences from Finnish process industry. Minerals Engineering. 2013; 46-47 ():144-156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Pajunen; G. Watkins; Roope Husgafvel; K. Heiskanen; O. Dahl. 2013. "The challenge to overcome institutional barriers in the development of industrial residue based novel symbiosis products – Experiences from Finnish process industry." Minerals Engineering 46-47, no. : 144-156.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in Waste Management
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ACS Style

Gary Watkins; Roope Husgafvel; Inga-Liisa Paavola. Industrial residues – Is recycling now more straightforward? Waste Management 2013, 33, 1 -2.

AMA Style

Gary Watkins, Roope Husgafvel, Inga-Liisa Paavola. Industrial residues – Is recycling now more straightforward? Waste Management. 2013; 33 (1):1-2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gary Watkins; Roope Husgafvel; Inga-Liisa Paavola. 2013. "Industrial residues – Is recycling now more straightforward?" Waste Management 33, no. 1: 1-2.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2012 in Minerals Engineering
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The development of novel symbiosis products based on primary industrial residues in accordance with the systemic approaches of Industrial Ecology (IE) and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has significant potential to increase the environmental performance of process industry, including more material and energy efficient processes and with lower environmental impacts. What is more, functionally innovative symbiosis products have the potential to promote residue utilisation and recovery and to prevent or reduce waste generation in line with the EU level ‘recycling society’ concept. However, successful product development requires an enabling institutionally aligned environmental approach that includes appropriate market incentives and regulatory instruments. This paper aims to identify the possible institutional barriers in the EU legal framework that have to be addressed to promote the development of such primary residue based process industry symbiosis products, with thorough consideration of full product life-cycles. Recommendations for overcoming these barriers and on the design of new approaches that support industrial symbiosis and contribute to progress towards sustainable societies are also outlined. These include enhanced focus on creating an enabling institutional environment for industrial innovations and the promotion of material efficiency through incentives policies and regulations, as well as soft law guidance on novel uses of materials and closure of resource cycles. Making a wider system more sustainable on an eco-efficiency basis also calls the definition of system boundaries into question. Applying a systemic approach, such as that offered by both IE and IS, which cover sustainability and recycling to achieve more resource efficient systems, appears to offer a way forward. We argue that the development of process industry residue based products can be significantly promoted and advanced by co-operative and joint design of appropriate incentives, policies and regulations. A major question is whether the REACH Regulation would apply to residue based symbiosis products if their creation makes them no longer legally classified as waste under end-of-waste legislation. We use a synthetic symbiosis product group concept based on the utilisation of steel, paper and pulp process industry primary residues as a case study to assess the development potential of such products against legal requirements and policy objectives.

ACS Style

G. Watkins; R. Husgafvel; N. Pajunen; O. Dahl; K. Heiskanen. Overcoming institutional barriers in the development of novel process industry residue based symbiosis products – Case study at the EU level. Minerals Engineering 2012, 41, 31 -40.

AMA Style

G. Watkins, R. Husgafvel, N. Pajunen, O. Dahl, K. Heiskanen. Overcoming institutional barriers in the development of novel process industry residue based symbiosis products – Case study at the EU level. Minerals Engineering. 2012; 41 ():31-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Watkins; R. Husgafvel; N. Pajunen; O. Dahl; K. Heiskanen. 2012. "Overcoming institutional barriers in the development of novel process industry residue based symbiosis products – Case study at the EU level." Minerals Engineering 41, no. : 31-40.