Research background: Faculties of private universities are under immense working pressure, which causes stress and burnout. The job burnout triggers the psychological pressure, which increases the turnover intention. Purpose of the article: The undertaken study aims to evaluate the scale of burnout with its three-element model, which affects faculty members of private universities of Pakistan. This research also aims to examine the mediating effect of organizational commitment (e.g., affective, normative & continuance commitments), and moderating influence of subjective vitality in a relationship of job burnout and its constituents, for example exhaustion, efficacy & cynicism, and the turnover intention. Methods: The 712 responses were collected through a structured questionnaire from the junior and senior faculty members of private universities of Pakistan. The data was examined by using second order partial least square ? structural equation approach ? PLS-SEM. Findings & value added: The research findings exhibited that emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy have a direct significant influence on job burnout. The findings further demonstrated that the job burnout has a cogent and negative impact on faculty turnover intention. The findings demonstrated that elements of organizational commitment (e.g., normative, affective & continuance commitments) have a forceful serial mediating influence between burnout & its constituents for example exhaustion, efficacy & cynicism, and turnover intention. Finally, the findings have revealed that subjective vitality has a significant and positive impact as a moderating variable in a relationship between job burnout and turnover intention. This research has a long-term theoretical contribution, as it provides a novel conceptual framework, which can be replicated in different industries. Thus, this unique model provides the solution to reduce employees? turnover for other industries as well.

The purpose of the undertaken study is to examine the influence of smartphones on the performance of university students in Pakistan. This paper also investigates the functions of a smartphone as exogenous predictors such as smartphone applications, multimedia messaging service (MMS), short message service (SMS), warp-speed processing, and entertainment on the academic performance of a student. This paper also addresses the impact of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and attitude as mediating variables between exogenous and endogenous variables. Finally, we incorporated technology and addiction as moderating variables between independent variables and the outcome variable to measure the influence of moderating variables. We have taken 684 responses from seven universities in Pakistan and employed the SEM-based multivariate approach for the analysis of the data. The findings of this paper demonstrate that smartphone functions have a significant influence on students’ academic performance, and moderating and mediating variables also have a significant influence on exogenous and endogenous variables. The practical implications have provided a guideline for university teachers, parents, and decision-makers of how a smartphone could be used to improve student academic performance inside and outside university campuses.

The objective of this paper was to examine the influence of determinants of business ethics, for instance, HR management ethics, ethics in corporate governance, and ethics in sales and marketing on organizational performance. The paper also examined mediation of human capital, structural capital and relational capital (dimensions of intellectual capital) in the connection between business ethics and organizational performance. Additionally, this research examined show technological change moderates between business ethics and organizational performance. Researchers collected 474 responses from March 2022 to November 2022 from the information technology sector in various cities in South Asian countries, including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, through structured questionnaires. PLS-SEM modeling was used for data analysis; we evaluated the measurement and structural models for this purpose. The research results suggest that ethics in corporate governance, HR management ethics, and ethics in sales and marketing have a notably positive effect on business ethics, leading to a substantial and affirmative impact on organizational performance. The findings also revealed a significant mediating influence of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital between exogenous variables and organizational performance. The findings further suggest that technological change significantly and positively moderates the relationship between business ethics and organizational performance in the high-tech industry. This research offers a novel modified conceptual framework that provides substantial theoretical and managerial implications to research scholars and industry practitioners.

Purpose: The purpose of this empirical research was to investigate the individual effects of three dimensions of flexible human resource management (HRM) practices – skill flexibility, behavioral flexibility and human practice flexibility on firm performance and to what extent these relationships are strengthened/weakened when there was the moderation of empowering leadership in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of the Kingdom of Bahrain.Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected from chief executive officers (CEOs) through a questionnaire survey method to test the hypothesized relationships. A final dataset of 315 valid responses was utilized for data analysis, and results were analyzed using the Smart partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique.Findings: The findings revealed positive effects of skill flexibility, behavioral flexibility and human practice flexibility on firm performance. The moderating role of empowering leadership further strengthened the effects of employee skill flexibility and employee behavioral flexibility had on firm performance. However, empowering leadership did not pose any moderating effect on human practice flexibility and firm performance relationship.Research limitations/implications: This paper offers implications for theories on HRM and leadership. It also provides valuable insights for organizations and leaders seeking to boost firm performance across SMEs.Practical implications: This paper offers implications for theories on HRM and leadership and also contributes in the understanding of the modern managers.Originality/value: This paper investigated the effects of flexible HRM practices on firm performance and the role of empowering leadership across SMEs in Bahrain. It also explored how the performance of SMEs can be improved using flexible HRM practices followed by the presence of empowering leadership.

The digitization of business processes has gained much scholarly and practical attention in the recent past. To understand their effectiveness, particularly in connection to organizational performance, the current study developed and tested a comprehensive framework. Through obtaining data from 350 manufacturing businesses, the study investigated using Smart PLS3 and found a significant influence of online procurement, channel management, and service delivery capabilities on organizational performance. Furthermore, the study also found the significant direct and moderating potential of technological opportunism to harness organizational performance. The study concludes that e-business processes serve as crucial resources and capabilities for businesses to achieve their goals and objectives. The study offers contributory implications for theory and practice indicating for strategic investment of e-business processes for businesses aiming to boost their performance.

Re-evaluating Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Construct: A Validation Study in the Pharmaceutical Sector of Punjab, Pakistan Context