Revenue is one of the hottest topics in the field of open-source innovation. Can open-source innovation really bring more revenue to firms? What affects the revenue from open-source innovation? Based on the perspective of product homogenization and the enterprise-strength gap, these questions are answered in this study using theoretical analyses and the construction of a game model to explore the influence of product homogeneity and the strength gap between firms regarding the revenue from open-source innovation. The results show that enterprise homogeneity and the revenue from open-source innovation are not linearly related. High homogeneity does harm the revenue from open-source innovation, while the revenue is relatively high when the homogeneity is moderate. Additionally, it was also identified that the strength gap between firms has a negative influence on the revenue from open-source innovation. The wider the strength gap is, the greater the revenue loss of the weaker firms and, thus, the lower the total revenue of the two firms will be. This paper provides a reference for research on enterprise revenue from open-source innovation and the selection of participants in open-source activities.

Based on the outward direct investment data of each manufacturing industry segment in Jiangsu Province from 2000 to 2020, this paper establishes a correlation network by constructing a grey incidence model with the average value of absolute grey incidence as the threshold. We further analyze the relationship between each manufacturing industry segment in Jiangsu Province in the process of outward direct investment from two perspectives, namely, point and surface. The study shows that from the perspective of each node, the correlation coefficient between equipment manufacturing and other industries is significantly higher, i.e., the influence of equipment manufacturing on other industries is significantly greater. Chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing, general equipment manufacturing, special equipment manufacturing, and transportation equipment manufacturing are the important nodes in the network. From the perspective of the network as a whole, the Jiangsu manufacturing OFDI affiliation network is not concentrated. Still, it has small-world characteristics, which are conducive to disseminating information. In contrast, the close nature of the industry has more commonalities, leading to it being more easily divided into the same module in the network block model analysis.

Governments design and implement policies to achieve various goals. Still, perhaps none are as pressing as shifting national economies away from non-renewable fuels and towards more sustainable, environmentally-friendly technologies. To incentivize such transitions, governments provide subsidies to private and public companies to innovate, i.e., to engage in research and development (R&D). However, it can be asked if companies are using government subsidies (GS) actually to perform R&D, and the answer will determine the effectiveness of government policies. This paper seeks to answer this question by investigating Chinese lithium-ion battery (LiB) firms and the GS they receive. Hausman tests, fixed- and random-effects models, and Generalized Method of Moments confirmed a positive but weak correlation between GS and R&D as determined by patent output (PO). Interestingly, observations of information flow suggested that GS also affected other variables such as net profit and main business income. This suggests that firms are awarded GS for higher PO, but a corresponding increase in R&D and its expected growth in company performance is not occurring. It is suggested that performance indicators other than PO be used as Chinese firms may use this metric to apply for more GS, rather than performing R&D that leads to technological breakthroughs.