A single-step hydrothermal route for synthesizing molybdenum doped zinc oxide nanoflakes was employed to accomplish superior electrochemical characteristics, such as a specific capacitance of 2296 F g⁻¹ at current density of 1 A g⁻¹ and negligible loss in specific capacitance of 0.01025 F g⁻¹ after each charge–discharge cycle (up to 8000 cycles). An assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (Mo:ZnO@NF//AC@NF) also exhibited a maximum energy density and power density of 39.06 W h/kg and 7425 W kg⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrated a specific capacitance of 123 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ and retained about 75.6% of its initial capacitance after 8000 cycles. These superior electrochemical characteristics indicate the potential of this supercapacitor for next-generation energy storage devices.

Recently, there has been considerable interest in a new family of transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides referred to as MXenes (Ti₃C₂T _x ) due to the variety of their elemental compositions and surface terminations that exhibit many fascinating physical and chemical properties. As a result of their easy formability, MXenes may be combined with other materials, such as polymers, oxides, and carbon nanotubes, which can be used to tune their properties for various applications. As is widely known, MXenes and MXene-based composites have gained considerable prominence as electrode materials in the energy storage field. In addition to their high conductivity, reducibility, and biocompatibility, they have also demonstrated outstanding potential for applications related to the environment, including electro/photocatalytic water splitting, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, water purification, and sensors. This review discusses MXene-based composite used in anode materials, while the electrochemical performance of MXene-based anodes for Li-based batteries (LiBs) is discussed in addition to key findings, operating processes, and factors influencing electrochemical performance.