Photothermal therapy has been widely used in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the short photothermal effective radius of conventional nano-photothermal agents makes it difficult to achieve effective photothermal antibacterial activity. Therefore, improving composite targeting can significantly inhibit bacterial growth. We inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by using an extremely low concentration of vancomycin (Van) and applied photothermal therapy with molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂). This simple method used chitosan (CS) to synthesize fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled and Van-loaded MoS₂-nanosheet hydrogels (MoS₂-Van-FITC@CS). After modifying the surface, an extremely low concentration of Van could inhibit bacterial growth by trapping bacteria synergistically with the photothermal effects of MoS₂, while FITC labeled bacteria and chitosan hydrogels promoted wound healing. The results showed that MoS₂-Van-FITC@CS nanosheets had a thickness of approximately 30 nm, indicating the successful synthesis of the nanosheets. The vitro antibacterial results showed that MoS₂-Van-FITC with near-infrared irradiation significantly inhibited S. aureus growth, reaching an inhibition rate of 94.5% at nanoparticle concentrations of up to 100 µg/mL. Furthermore, MoS₂-Van-FITC@CS could exert a healing effect on wounds in mice. Our results demonstrate that MoS₂-Van-FITC@CS is biocompatible and can be used as a wound-healing agent.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an efficient strategy for tumor treatment. However, Insufficient amounts of inherent hypoxia and intrinsic hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) in the tumor microenvironment severely constrained PDT, as oxygen is the critical substrate for photosensitivity reaction. Here, a pH-responsive H ₂ O ₂ and O ₂ self-supplying hybrid nanoparticle was designed. Through, the calcium peroxide (CaO ₂ ) as carriers loading a chemotherapeutic drug a photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP) and doxorubicin (DOX), was covered with polyacrylic acid (PAA) to build up a feature material DOX-TAPP-CaO ₂ @OA@PAA (denoted as DTCOP) through the reverse microemulsion method. In the acidic tumor microenvironment conditions exposing the water-sensitive CaO ₂ nanocore to generate hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) and O ₂ , the self-supplied O ₂ alleviates hypoxia to enhance the PDT, and releasing DOX and TAPP. Synthetic characterization shows that the succeeded synthesized Nanocarriers could effectively carry DOX and TAPP to the tumor site and release O ₂ at the low pH of TME. And the experimental results demonstrated that this interpose exogenous oxygen strategy is efficient at inhibition of tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo . The nanocomposite exhibits excellent biocompatibility and the ability to inhibit tumor growth and has significant potential for the treatment of hypoxic tumors.

Neo-allo-ocimene is a monoterpene which could be applied in pesticides, fragrances, and sustainable polymers. In this study, we mined a terpene synthase, AgTPS40, from the transcriptome of celery leaf tissues. Through sequence and phylogenetic analysis, AgTPS40 was characterized as a monoterpene synthase. The AgTPS40 gene was introduced into a heterologous mevalonate pathway hosted in Escherichia coli to enable terpene production. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that AgTPS40 catalyzes the formation of neo-allo-ocimene, marking the first reported identification of a neo-allo-ocimene synthase. Subsequently, we optimized the fermentation conditions and achieved a yield of 933.35 mg/L in a 1 L shake flask, which represents the highest reported titer of neo-allo-ocimene to date. These results reveal the molecular basis of neo-allo-ocimene synthesis in celery and provide a sustainable way to obtain this compound.