The present study was designed to elucidate a relationship between lymphoid organs and reproductive activity in male Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) bred in a temperate region of Pakistan (30.3753° N, 69.3451° E) in response to photoperiodic changes. The research focused primarily on the relative morphological changes in primary (thymus and bursa of Fabricius) and secondary (spleen) lymphoid organs with respect to seasonal variations in the histomorphometry of testicular tissue. For this purpose, a comparable number of clinically healthy Japanese quails were exsanguinated during active (April–May), regressive (September–October) and inactive (January–February) reproductive phases. Following an extensive gross measurement of lymphoid and reproductive organs, a histomorphometric analysis was performed on sampled tissues by employing ImageJ^® software. Blood was collected for hormonal and leukocytic analysis. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical comparison. Testes had the highest parenchymal development in the active phase (80.66 ± 21.22 µm) and the lowest in the inactive phase (27.80 ± 7.22 µm). Conversely, a percentage change was evident in the sizes of primary (bursa: 61.5%, thymus: 46.9%) and secondary (spleen: 23.9%) lymphoid organs during inactive and active reproductive phases. This study demonstrated that a physiological trade-off is imperative between immune and reproductive systems for optimum survivability and reproductive performance.

Lurbinectedin-Induced Tumor Lysis Syndrome in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Cancer of the Cecum: A First-Ever Case Report - Article abstract #932081

The reproductive organs of rose-ringed parakeet (n= 6) were studied in detail in this research work during breeding (December to April) and non-breeding (May to November) seasons. After slaughtering, organs of the reproductive system were collected for anatomical and histological study. The right ovary and oviduct were absent, the left ovary and oviduct were collected to record weight and dimensions (width, length, diameter, and volume). The results showed a higher weight (1.08±0.116 g) of the left ovary during the breeding and a decreased (0.069±0.015 g) in the non-breeding season (P< 0.05). The length of the left ovary during the breeding and non-breeding season was recorded as (6.59±0.20 mm) and (5.75±0.12 mm). The width of the left ovary during the breeding season and in non-breeding was recorded as (5.86±0.09 mm) and (3.76±0.18 mm). The results showed maximum volume (0.05±0.003 cm ³ ) during the breeding season and a decrease in volume (0.03±0.003 cm ³ ) in the non-breeding season in the left ovary. A higher weight (1.21±0.13 g) of the left oviduct during the breeding and a decreased (0.08±0.016 g) in the non-breeding season was observed. The length of the oviduct during the breeding season was (33.21±0.14 mm) and during non-breeding season as (30.23±0.29 mm). The width of oviduct during breeding season was recorded as (1.12±0.01 mm) and during in non-breeding season as (0.83±0.03 mm), respectively. Thus, the ovary and oviduct have higher weights and dimensions during the breeding season that correspond to breeding activity.

The present project was designed to study and compare different parameters of the forelimb and hind limb bones in juvenile, adult male and female rose-ringed parakeet in breeding and non-breeding seasons. For morphometric measurement, the forelimb and hind limb bones of juvenile and adult parrots (male = 9, female= 9) were collected in breeding and non-breeding seasons after autopsy. - The data was computed with Microsoft excel® and statistically analyzed using Minitab software. The groups were compared using Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. - The results showed the measurements of breeding season female bones were slightly larger in size than the bones of non-breeding season female and juvenile female. Moreover, breeding season male showed slightly larger values than the bones of non-breeding-season male and juvenile groups. Hence, the current study provided novel information about the comparative morpho-functional features and detailed description along with illustration of forelimb and hind limb bones of a juvenile, adult male, and a female rose-ringed parakeets in breeding and non-breeding seasons.